In recent years, the interest in the occurrence of heavy metals in the natural environment has been observed. The heavy metal contamination can lead to serious environmental problems. The aim of the study was to estimate the total content of heavy metals: Ni, Cu and Co, in the surface layer of the bottom sediments of the Sokołda river and its tributaries, and to determine the relationship between the grain size and scope of their metal content. Determination of metals in the bottom sediment samples was performed by means of atomic absorption spectrometry (ASA). The research on the Sokołda river and its tributaries showed low levels of Ni, Cu and Co. It was proven that the majority of studied metals were contained in the smallest clay fraction <0.02 mm. On the other hand, the least studied metals were accumulated in 1.0-0.2 mm and 0.2-0.1 mm fractions. The 1.0-0.2 mm and 0.2-0.1 mm fractions contain around 80% of the tested metal forms, while the 0.02-0.063 mm and <0.02 mm fractions -only a few percent. This speaks for the determination of metals in the 1.0-0.1 mm fraction, that contains both coarser and clay fractions, and thus most reliably reflects the actual load of pollutants carried by the sediment. Studies have shown that the main sources of pollution in the Sokołda river catchment are primarily surface runoff, and to a lesser extent, wastewater (municipal and industrial).
Zasygnalizowany w tytule temat jest bardzo obszerny, dotyczy przecież rzeczywistości złożonych, bogatych w treści. Zarówno duchowość chrześcijańska jak i cyberprzestrzeń oraz mass media odgrywają bardzo znaczącą rolę w życiu człowieka, warunkując na przykład jego postępowanie i losy. Stąd wskazanej problematyce warto poświęcić uwagę, nawet jeśli mamy do czynienia z przyczynkiem do jej opracowania, do bardziej owocnego spotkania między duchowością oraz cyberprzestrzenią i mediami.
Abstract:Work and spirituality. The article raises the issue indicated as very essential by blessed John Paul II in his encyclical Laborem exercens. This wide topic has been presented taking into consideration the following points. Attention has been paid to work as a multidimensional and ambiguous reality. Next, the problem of the relation between work and sin as well as its negative consequences has been discussed. It is associated, among others, with the false and widespread belief that work constitutes a punishment for sin and its result in the Christian understanding. However, we are dealing here, above all, with the aspect of human likeness to God given by Him and the powerful tool of salvation. Another thematic block regards the understanding and experiencing work as the participation in the act of God, who creates (creatio prima et continua). Then, relations between work and Christ as well as the act of salvation carried out by Him has been presented, including experiencing work as the participation in His cross and in relation to His resurrection. What is more, the topic of eschatological meaning of work, its associations with the eternal fullness of life as granting the excellence to the activity of the saved (creatio nova) has been raised.Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie, na które jako na bardzo istotne wskazuje bł. Jan Paweł II w encyklice Laborem exercens. Ten obszerny temat został przedstawiony z uwzględnieniem kilku punktów. Zwrócono uwagę na pracę jako na rzeczywistość wielowymiarową, wieloznaczną. Następnie podjęte zostało zagadnienie relacji między pracą oraz grzechem i jego negatywnymi konsekwencjami. Jest to między innymi związane z błędnym, rozpowszechnionym przekonaniem, że w rozumieniu chrześcijańskim praca stanowi karę za grzech, jest jego skutkiem. Tymczasem przede wszystkim mamy tutaj do czynienia z danym przez Boga aspektem ludzkiego podobieństwa do Niego oraz skutecznym narzędziem zbawienia. Kolejny blok tematyczny dotyczy rozumienia i przeżywania pracy jako udziału w dziele Boga, który stwarza (creatio prima et continua). Następnie zostały przedstawione związki pracy z Chrystusem, z dziełem zbawienia, które On realizuje, w tym przeżywanie pracy jako udziału w Jego krzyżu i pracy związanej z Jego zmartwychwstaniem. Podjęto
$e wordings presented by us do not belong to the most popular either in theNew Testament or in the afore-mentioned so-called authentic epistles of St. Paulthe Apostle. It does not mean, however, that they do not have those meanings.God’s word, also by their assistance, tells us about our human life. At this currentstage, we did not manage to possess this gi~ in full, which eternally stays withGod, or eternal salvation. Simultaneously, we are aware, however, that togetherwith the coming of Christ, our situation radically changed for the better. Weare not slaves anymore of such powers as sin or death. It is true that our liberationis neither complete nor final yet. We cannot go to the other extreme,however, and not to admit that we do not belong to them, that Life stays behindus, that He is already an absolute Lord now and Lord of us, ourselves and of allthis, which was created (cf. e.g. Philippians %:&2). In other words, following theApostle of nations, we could describe our current situation in the followingway. As Christians we are already in Christ (Greek: en Christô). In temporality,however, we are the successors of Adam: just as if our fates became “closed”,“programmed” in Adam. We remain beings limited by Death. We still andcontinually experience a frightening burden of its reign. Repeating the wordsof St. Paul we may reflect this aspect of our existence in temporality, reachingfor the expression “in death” as we still belong in its zone. We also “live” in itin some way. However, this is not everything. Our temporal life also has otheraspects. $us, to reflect on them, the Apostle will refer to the mystery of law /Law and to the mystery of what is material, in particular in man himself, to the mystery of thebody (Greek: sôma and sarx). As we noticed, also the last threemay be something negative, captivating a man, not least serving for his good.A man, waiting for his meeting with Christ, or already living with this meeting,is also a living being, also in a pejorative sense, in body (en sômati and en sarki).We can state the same about another of God’s gi~s, about law / Law, as well asabout order, which the Apostle reflects on by the expression “in law” / “in Law”.As we noticed, such a defined image is not unanimously negative. A manliving in a described situation has not lost his chance yet. He needs salvation andmay obtain it. When it occurs, his situation changes. $e transition is radical,although usually a given person gradually experiences it. It is o~en dividedinto their entire life. Most frequently the old order does not disappear at once.It becomes partially abolished, annihilated. It partially becomes transformed,cured. It partially influences us as well. Our temporality is such. And just as such,it constitutes time and place of salvific work of God and an integral part of theDivine economy. And it frequently outgrows our potential of understanding,reminding us at the same time about the place and role of faith, hope and love.One of the aspects of the Pauline vision of salvific work could be presentedin a great outline in this way. It is noticeable in a specific, interesting way in thewordings we come across in e.g. the so-called authentic epistles of St. Paul theApostle. $is, expressed by them, being God’s Word, refers not only to peopleliving in the Apostle’s time. It concerns people of all times. It concerns us also.
zadanie, jakim jest kształtowanie poszczególnych osób, kształtowanie społeczności.
Artykuł dotyczy właściwej papieżowi Pawłowi VI wizji relacji między chrześcijaństwem i światem mediów. Za podstawę opracowania zostało przyjęte ogłoszone w 1967 roku papieskie orędzie na I Światowy Dzień Środków Społecznego Przekazu. Oceniając historię mediów ze współczesnej perspektywy, należy przyjąć, iż chronologicznie jesteśmy tu u progu okresu ich nieporównywalnego rozwoju. Tym samym myśl i wskazania Pawła VI zbiegają się z oceną tego rozwoju, obecnym stanem rzeczy i oczekiwaniami, gdy chodzi o relacje między chrześcijaństwem i mass mediami. Przedstawiono ogólnie orędzia Pawła VI na Światowe Dni Środków Społecznego Przekazu. Zwrócono uwagę na właściwe orędziu z 1967 roku rozumienie sytuacji człowieka i świata jako naznaczonej dynamizmem zmian. Wskazano na świat środków społecznego przekazu w perspektywie związanej z nim odpowiedzialności i zaangażowania oraz na duże, pozytywne znaczenie duchowości chrześcijańskiej w takich właśnie uwarunkowaniach.
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