The results of technological investigations in the scope of inkjet-printed flexible RFID antennas dedicated to UHF transponders and also problems with the application of nanomaterials are reported in this paper. The design of the antenna electrical circuit and the parameters of the inkjet printing process were elaborated on the basis of the numerical model prepared in the Mentor Graphics HyperLynx 3D EM software. The project evaluation was performed by measuring electrical parameters of the structures printed with silver-based conductive inks. The obtained results confirm coincidence between the model and its implementation in the inkjet printing technology. Finally, the prepared antenna has been applied in an RFID transponder of UHF band and the functional tests are also reported in this paper.
Abstract. The idea of multiband development board designed to support and advance the technique of battery-less autonomous semi-passive RFID transponders is presented in the paper. The extra function of harvesting energy from the electromagnetic field of different radio communications systems, the ultra efficient power conditioner and the energy storage block are applied in the proposed construction. The facility of utilizing gathered energy is provided to support designers in developing applications of automatic object identification. Since the evaluation board is to work without a galvanic cell, the particular emphasis is put on the mechanisms that improve energy efficient operation of the whole electronic circuit. The construction principles and operation modes (charging, cold start, sleep with charging, sleep, measurement and cut-off) of the storage unit are described in depth in the paper. The preproduction batch of the demonstrators has been manufactured on automated assembly line at ELMAK Ltd. Company, according to the elaborated model. It confirms that the author's demonstrator of the battery-less autonomous semi-passive transponder can be reproduced on an industrial scale. On the basis of the preproduction series, the performance parameters of the final product have been estimated. The presented study should significantly contribute to the RFID technique therefore the authors set up the evaluation process of marketing research and product commercialization. fication of moving objects, e.g. in the public transport (AVI -automatic vehicle identification) [7]. So it can be concluded that the observed applicable potential of the RFID technology justifies the need to develop new designs of electronic transponders. New more sophisticated solutions of electronic tags will be a factor of innovative progress in the discussed scope of use. Transponder in RFID systemIn terms of hardware (Fig. 1), an RFID system consists of a read/write device (RWD), which includes a transmitter (TX) and a receiver (RX), its antenna and at least one electronic transponder that is intended for marking an object. Communication in this system (read/write data) is provided with one (single system) or with multiple transponders simultaneously (anti-collision system). The marked objects during the identification process may be placed in fixed points (static system) or may dynamically change their location (dynamic system). The interrogation zone (IZ) is the main parameter of the RFID system, because it determines the efficiency of a given automated process [5]. The size of the IZ strongly depends on the above mentioned arrangements of RWD and transponders.According to the main classification of the RFID systems it is possible to distinguish applications operating in the inductive or radiative coupling regime. In the first group, the carrier frequency f 0 is between 100 kHz and 135 kHz (typically 125 kHz) for the LF band or 13.56 MHz of the HF band whereas in the
Abstract-The new numerical model of directional radiation pattern, in which part of energy is emitted in side and back lobs, has been presented in this paper. The model input values are determined on the base of primary parameters that can be read from the datasheet of used antennas. The special software tool NmAntPat has been elaborated to carry out the described task. The elaborated model, program and output files can be easily implemented into an analysis of radio wave propagation phenomenon in any algorithms and numerical calculations. The comparison of the graphical plots that have been obtained on the base of measurements, producers' data specification notes and modelling results confirms the model correctness.
The complete methodology of designing T- and modified ring resonators in the UHF band are presented in the paper. On the basis of proposed algorithms, the dedicated software tool has been elaborated in order to determine material parameters of contemporary substrates. The program is implemented in the Mathcad environment and it includes the base of information on known materials used in electronic products. Also, test sample series for selected substrate materials (IS680, FR408, I-SPEED PCB ISOLA and A6-S LTCC FERRO) and operating frequencies from 1 GHz to 3 GHz are analyzed in details. The special test stand with a vector network analyzer has been applied in experiments. The obtained data of relative permittivity measurements and model calculations are described, discussed and concluded.
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