Hand-eye coordination is required in many skilled tasks. Individual differences affect the performance of people at work and leisure, for example, during assembly jobs or sports. The aim of this study was to determine whether motor learning can change the physiological action of hand tremor. Tremor is a repetitive and stereotyped movement, with regular frequency and amplitude, but there are different types of tremors with pattern variation. The results were calculated by participants ' timeon and time-off the target, the average distance from the center of the target, and the frequency of oscillatory movement of a cursor (tremor). The results of this study indicate a statistically significant (p < 0.05) influence of effect of task repetition on improvement of motor control and reduction of a high-amplitude tremor and an increase of a low-amplitude tremor. The assessed individuals achieved more than 50% better outcomes of a hand-eye coordination task in the final trials when compared with the initial trials. The dynamics of motor learning tend to rise, with a steady level of a 1-h interval between trials.
AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the differences in saccadic latency (a measure of time delay experienced in eye movements) between alcohol-dependent and healthy controls.Materials and methodsParticipantsNinety-nine alcohol dependent patients were examined. Thirty-eight healthy controls were matched to the affected cohort according to demographic characteristics.AssessmentIn this study we used the Saccadometer Advanced System (Advanced Clinical Instrumentation, Cambridge, UK). The Saccadometer System allows quick and easy collection of saccadic responses within the shortest physiologically possible time (100 saccades in 5 min). The brevity of the testing routine minimizes any potential influence on the results due to fatigue in the test subjects. The eye movement measurements are automated and synchronised with stimuli presentation. This study analyzed saccadic latency and standard deviation of mean latency.ResultsThere was higher saccadic latency and standard deviation of mean latency in alcohol-dependent individuals (224.43±56.24 msec) when compared to healthy controls (187.84±25.65 msec). A marked asymmetry of standard deviation of mean latency between right-sided and left-sided saccades was observed in the affected cohort. There was an increased standard deviation of right-sided saccades mean latency (69.96 msec) in alcohol-dependent individuals when compared to healthy controls (30.93 msec) and also an increased standard deviation of left-sided saccades mean latency (59.33 msec) when compared to healthy controls (33.09 msec).ConclusionIt was found that alcohol dependence is associated with impaired (longer time delay) saccadic reaction.
The aim of the study is to assess graphomotor and psychomotor skills of people treated with substitution therapy in opiate addiction. Methods: 36 patients were examined twice, immediately before and about 1.5h after oral administration of therapeutic dose of methadone. The original test implemented on a tablet was used. A task in the first part was to map, as accurately as possible, geometric shapes printed on the sheet of paper by drawing on contour, and in the second part to sign up on the sheet. The patients used dominant hand. The software used allows to make analysis of the motion's parameters: time, force levels, speed and acceleration of the plot, amplitude and frequency of hand tremors. Results: The amplitude of tremors in the spectrum of variations in 13 of the 16 components analyzed in the drawing task and all the components in the spectrum of the instantaneous velocity tremors were reduced. In the signature task a significant reduction in the average amplitude of tremors for medium and higher spectral components (from the 4 th up) and a reduction in the amplitude of tremors in the spectrum of instantaneous velocity for most precisely analyzed components was observed. Conclusion: A single dose of methadone in opioid-addicted individuals reduces dominant hand tremors, particularly in the 1 st spectrum component frequency for the drawing test. This indicates improvement in graphomotor and psychomotor function.
ObjectiveThe aim of study is to assess the graphomotor and psychomotor skills and eye-hand coordination in patients with schizophreniaMethods30 patients were examined. The most accurate mapping of geometric shapes printed on the sheet, by drawing on dominant hand contour was the task for patients. The original test implemented on tablet was used. Designed software allowed an analysis of the motion's parameters: force levels, the time of the task, speed and acceleration of the plot, the amplitude and frequency of hand tremors. Results were compared with healthy group.ResultsSlight tremors reduced mean amplitude of the primary component (1 Hz), while slightly increasing the mean amplitude for the components 2, 3 and 8 in the task of drawing the figures for the spectrum of trembling deviation was observed. In the signature task observed a significant reduction in the mean amplitude of tremors in the middle of the component analysis (5 Hz to 9 Hz). Significant changes in the range: 2 Hz to 5 Hz and 7 Hz to 16 Hz in the task of drawing the figures for the spectrum force levels ware observed.ConclusionComparison of the dynamics of motion in patients with schizophrenia to healthy subjects in the control group indicate a significant impairment of graphomotor and psychomotor efficiency. Particularly, the most differentiate these two groups refers to parameters quantitatively measured the level of tremors the dominant hand tremors, mostly in the fundamental frequency.
IntroductionVarious psychomotor dysfunction are observed in opioid-addicted patients. Therefore it is important to determine the effect of psychoactive substance administered therapeutically in substitution therapy.AimsThis study aims to assess the impact of a single therapeutic dose of methadone on hand-eye coordination and motor learning in opioid-addicted patients treated in substitution therapy.MethodsWas examined 72 patients and 60 healthy subjects. The Pursuit Rotor Task (PRT) was used. The PRT was conducted twice: before and about 1 hour after administration of methadone in the opioid-addicted patients and at an about 1 hour interval in the control group. The study was performed for both the dominant and non-dominant hand.ResultsThe statistical significantly (p < 0.05) influence of administration of methadone on the growth of motor control and to reduce the tremor of high amplitude and increase low-amplitude tremor was found. The opioid-addicted individuals have obtained more than 50% lower scores on psychomotor performance in hand-eye coordination task compared to the healthy subjects. The dynamics of motor learning in opioid-addicted individuals is similar to the healthy subjects and tends to go up, but without reaching a stable level of learning like was observed in the healthy subjects. In the opioid-addicted patients compared to persons from the control group there are more tremors of high amplitude and low frequency and fewer tremors of low amplitude and high frequency.ConclusionsAdministration of a single therapeutic dose of methadone in opioid-addicted patients may reduce high amplitude tremor and improve hand-eye coordination.
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