Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie procesu internacjonalizacji polskich bezpośrednich inwestorów zagranicznych. Polskie piśmiennictwo ekonomiczne jest już stosunkowo bogate w opracowania poświęcone internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw. Są to zarówno prace teoretyczne, jak i prezentujących wyniki badań. Przedmiotem ich są głównie kwestie umiędzynarodowienia podmiotów gospodarczych w formie działalności handlowej. Wciąż jednak do nielicznych należą publikacje prezentujących wyniki badań dotyczących procesu internacjonalizacji polskich przedsiębiorstw w drodze bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych (BIZ). Artykuł został podzielony na dwie części. W pierwszej krótko przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia teoretyczne procesu internacjonalizacji, w szczególności ścieżki rozwoju działalności przedsiębiorstwa w skali międzynarodowej. W drugiej części, na tle ogólnej prezentacji skali polskich bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych, zaprezentowano wyniki badania dotyczące internacjonalizacji polskich inwestorów bezpośrednich, zrealizowanego w ramach projektu badawczego "Aktywność inwestycyjna polskich przedsiębiorstw za granicą - czynniki i skutki".
Foreign direct investment in Poland is feared in some political and economic circles, in others it is accepted too enthusiastically. The intention of this paper is not to show which side seems to be right but to attract the attention of Polish economic organisations to the fact that companies with foreign capital give much consideration to quality improvement aspects. Achievements of companies with foreign capital on the Polish market, especially in the field of acquiring competitive advantages, do not result from easy access to cheap credits or tax relief but, probably, first of all, from applied management methods including total quality management.
Motivation: This article focuses on a foreign direct investment (FDI), one of the most important areas in the global economy which to a large extent determines the current directions of economic development. The recent pandemic is expected to cause a deep recession in the world economy. Its level, duration and strength in particular countries cannot be predicted. Nevertheless, there is no doubt that the entire world will be affected by it for a longer period of time.
Purpose: The purpose of the article is to present selected manifestations of the process of approaching the scale of foreign investment activity of entities from developing countries to entities from developed countries, as well as the potential of the largest investors from these two groups of countries. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on information obtained from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and Brand Finance's statistical sources. The study uses statistical and economic analysis, comparison, analogies, synthesis, and the method of measuring and aggregating data and tabular method. The choice of economic parameters presented below and the related parameter formulas, as proposed by the authors, are based on the preliminary query of the scientific literature on the subject. Findings: The FDI outward stock at the end of the second decade of the 21st century show a clear increase in the share of developing countries, however, the distance between them about developed countries is still considerable. The convergence is evidenced, e.g., by the growing share of MNEs in both groups representing highly technologically advanced industries, although in the 100 largest MNEs from developing and transition economies, it is clearly lower. At the same time, significant differences in the structure by countries both in FDI outward stock and in the largest MNEs of the presented groups persist or intensify. Practical Implications: The presented results prove that companies from developing and transition economies find an effective tool for building international competitiveness by making foreign direct investments. Their experiences may serve as an example and encouragement for local companies to undertake an international expansion through capital allocation. Originality/Value: The article presents the process of approaching FDI outward stock from developed and developing and transition economies in the past thirty years. The inference basis was not only data specifying changes in the share of both groups of countries in the value of FDI outward stock, but also data describing the largest MNEs worldwide and MNEs from developing and transition economies. This approach has the value of originality.
The purpose of this article is to determine the impact of Polish FDI companies on their competitiveness, depending on their establishment mode choice in the host country (greenfield investment vs. acquisition). Research Design & Methods: The study used a direct interview method. The results were analysed using impact indicators (w) calculated as the arithmetic mean of numerical values assigned to each response as well as Fisher's exact test. Statistical calculations were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics software version 21.0.0.1. Findings: The impact of FDI on investor competitiveness in relation to the main competitors operating on the home market and on foreign markets depends on FDI entry mode (greenfield investment vs. acquisition), among other things. Implications & Recommendations: The results of this study may be the starting point for further research on the impact of FDI on competitiveness, particularly through foreign acquisitions. It should be assumed that as Polish companies gain experience on the international stage, this mode of entry will be chosen by investors more frequently. Contribution & Value Added: The uniqueness of the following study is in the presentation of the results of original empirical research, which demonstrate the relationship between the foreign establishment mode choice (greenfield investment vs. acquisition) and the competitiveness of investing companies. Ex post evaluations were taken into account while forming the conclusions. Article type: research paper
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