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SUMMARY1. When cardiac preparations are rewarmed following prolonged hypothermia a transient hyperpolarization occurs in K-containing media. This hyperpolarization is correlated with the active Na efflux. It might be due to electrogenic Na pumping or to extracellular K depletion brought about by the activity of an electroneutral Na-K exchange pump. In order to distinguish between these mechanisms the effect of various extracellular K concentrations ([K]O) on the membrane potential ofguineapig atria was studied before and after hypothermia. 3. The membrane hyperpolarized transiently after hypothermia beyond the potential observed before cooling. Maximal values of about -94 mV were obtained during rewarming in solutions containing 0-4-2-7 mM-K. The membrane potential was significantly lower (-88 mV) in K-free media. It was also diminished at [K]o higher than 2-7 mm and was measured to be -74 mV at 10-8 mM-K.4. The hyperpolarization of the cell membrane during the first 20 min of rewarming was maximal at 2-7 mM-K and yielded 15.5 mV. The hyperpolarization amounted to 7-2 and 10 mV at 0-4 and 10-8 mM-K, respectively. No hyperpolarization occurred in K-free solutions.

1 In spontaneously active Purkinje fibres of young cows the dose-response curves of the action of isoprenaline upon different electrophysiological parameters were measured. 2 The increase in slope of diastolic depolarization could roughly be described by a one-for-one binding curve with a half maximum effect near 10-8 M and the increase in the height of the plateau level by a two-for-one binding curve with a half maximum effect near 10' M (-)-isoprenaline.3 These dose-response curves were similar to those of two parameters measured under voltage clamp conditions by other authors. The increase in slope of diastolic depolarization behaved like the shift of the activation curve for the pacemaker potassium current towards positive potentials and the growth in plateau height like the increase in the slow inward current mainly carried by Ca ions. From this conformity we propose that the parameters evaluated by us from action potential records could be used for a qualitative analysis of the action of catecholamines on pacemaker potassium current and Ca influx. 4 The effects of the isomers of a new drug, 1-isopropylamino-3(4'hydroxyphenoxy)-propan-2-ol (IHP), were evaluated in the same way as those of isoprenaline. The (-)-isomer was at optimal concentrations (10'5 M) nearly half as effective as isoprenaline in increasing frequency and slope of diastolic depolarization but caused no increase in plateau height. An identical relationship, but at 5 to 10 times higher concentrations, was obtained with the (+)-isomer. 5 When 10-M(-)-IHP was added to a preparation equilibrated with a maximum dose of (-)-isoprenaline (10-6 M), frequency and plateau height declined. This result together with the observation that the effects of IHP could be blocked by the specific f-antagonist propranolol, revealed the ,B-agonistic nature of the new drug. Its inefficiency in increasing the plateau height and thus the slow (Ca) inward current was explained by its relatively low potency and intrinsic activity.

ielęgnowanie chorego z obturacyjnym bezdechem sennym z wykorzystaniem międzynarodowej terminologii ICNP ® Nursing care of a patient with obstructive sleep apnea using international terminology ICNP ® STRESZCZENIE Wstęp. Istotą obturacyjnego bezdechu sennego (OBS) są epizody bezdechów lub spłycenie oddychania, połączone ze spadkiem wysycenia krwi tętniczej tlenem. OBS zwiększa ryzyko incydentów sercowo-naczyniowych, wtórnego nadciśnie-nia tętniczego, chorób metabolicznych, wypadków komunikacyjnych, depresji oraz nagłego zgonu. Skutkami społecznymi OBS są zaburzenia relacji interpersonalnych, izolacja społeczna, obniżenie jakości życia chorego. W terapii OBS stosuje się metody utrzymujące stałe dodatnie ciśnienie w drogach oddechowych, a także modyfikację stylu życia. Cel pracy. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie wybranych aspektów procesu pielęgnowania chorych z OBS z zastosowaniem międzynarodowej terminologii ICNP ® . Wyniki. W procesie pielęgnowania chorego wykorzystano diagnozy ICNP ® : bezdech/ ryzyko bezdechu, ryzyko choroby, brak wiedzy o chorobie, gotowość do otrzymania wiedzy, strach/niepokój oraz odpowiadające im interwencje pielęgniarskie. Wnioski. Katalog ICNP ® umożliwia pełne opisanie diagnoz oraz planu opieki nad pacjentem z OBS.Problemy Pielęgniarstwa 2016; 24 (2): 142-147 Słowa kluczowe: diagnoza pielęgniarska; klasyfikacja; opieka pielęgniarska; obturacyjny bezdech senny ABSTRACT Introduction. The essence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are the episodes of paused or shallow breathing, associated with a reduction in blood oxygen saturation. OSA increases the risk of cardiovascular incidents, secondary hypertension, metabolic diseases, traffic accidents, depression or sudden death. The social consequences of OSA are: impaired interpersonal relationships, social isolation, and decreased quality of life of the patient. The treatment of OSA involves using methods to maintain continuous positive airway pressure, as well as lifestyle modification. The aim of the work. The aim of this work is to present selected aspects of the nursing process in patients with OSA, using the ICNP terminology. Results. In the process of nursing a patient, the ICNP ® diagnoses and the corresponding nursing interventions were used: apnoea/risk for apnoea, risk for disease, lack of knowledge of disease, ready to learn, fear/anxiety. Conclusions. The ICNP ® catalogue allows to fully describe diagnoses and a plan of care for patients with OSA.

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