Risk behavior of corn farming is influenced by two main factors, namely the behavior of human resources and the nature of natural resources. One of the natural conditions that causes an increase in risk in the agricultural sector is climate change. Corn farming is one of the food crops that can accept these conditions, namely farming behavior carried out by farmers and climate change that cannot be predicted with certainty. This study analyzes farmers' preferences for the risk of corn production using the Just and Pope model. The results show that farmers with risk seeker preferences use production inputs greater than farmers with risk averse preferences. Farmers with risk seeker preferences are more technically efficient than risk averse preferences. Related to social factors, farmers with risk seeker preferences tend to have a greater number of family dependents, higher education levels, and have a longer experience of corn farming than farmers with risk averse preferences.. Keywords: . risk behavior, efficiency, just and pope models ABSTRAKPerilaku risiko usahatani tanaman jagung dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor utama yaitu perilaku sumberdaya manusia dan sifat sumberdaya alam. Salah satu kondisi alam yang menyebabkan peningkatan risiko pada sektor pertanian ialah perubahan iklim. Usahatani tanaman jagung merupakan salah satu usahatani tanaman pangan yang dapat menerima kondisi tersebut, yaitu perilaku usahatani yang dilakukan petani dan perubahan iklim yang tidak dapat diprediksi secara pasti. Peneletian ini menganalisis preferensi petani terhadap risiko produksi jagung menggunakan model Just and Pope. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan petani dengan preferensi risk seeker menggunakan input produksi lebih besar daripada petani dengan preferensi risk averse. Petani dengan preferensi risk seeker lebih efisien secara teknis daripada preferensi risk averse. Pada kondisi sosial petani dengan preferensi risk seeker cenderung memiliki jumlah tanggungan keluarga yang lebih besar, tingkat pendidikan lebih tinggi, serta memiliki pengalaman usahatani jagung lebih lama daripada petani dengan preferensi risk averse.
Until now, the domestic patchouli essential oil industry in Indonesia is still limited to exporting unprocessed products as finished products. In addition, farmers and cooperatives understanding is still low in implementing a good plantation manufacturing process. One indicator that can be seen is the number of imports of patchouli essential oil derivative products such as semi-finished ingredients from perfume and food flavors by Indonesia in the period of October-December 2008 amounting to US$ 401 million while exports were only US$ 103 million or a deficit of three to four times of exports. The purpose of this research is to analyze the comparative competitiveness, competitive competitiveness, and specialization of Indonesian patchouli essential oil trade in the international market. Countries that are used as comparison for Indonesia (rank 7) based on the average volume of exports are Brazil (rank 1), the United States (rank 2), Mexico (rank 8) and France (rank 9). This study uses the Revealed Comparative Trade Advantage (RCTA) analysis tool to analyze comparative competitiveness, the Export Competitiveness Index (XCI) to analyze competitive competitiveness, and the Trade Specialization Index (ISP) to analyze its trade specialties. The factors that significantly influence the competitiveness and trade specialization are the export and import value of patchouli essential oil and other goods from Indonesia and competing countries, the total export and import value of patchouli essential oil. Based on the results of the RCTA, XCI, and ISP analysis, the values obtained by Indonesia were 2.013, 1.012, and 0.412, respectively. Keywords: patchouli, essential oil, competitiveness, trade specialties
Tosari and Sapikerep villages are two villages in the TNBTS area which are included as one of the priority areas in Indonesia. Nature tourism or agro-tourism and cultural tourism are the characteristics of the two villages. Thus, Agro-Cultural based Edutourism is one of the potential developments in the village area. The pentahelix development model is considered appropriate because it is known that the two villages collaborate with 5 roles, namely government, private sector, academia, mass media, and the community. This article is the result of research conducted for 2 months using a qualitative method with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and observations, where research was conducted to fully describe how the pentahelix collaboration pattern occurred. As a result, the role of various actors in the pentahelix collaboration model is quite optimal. From a regulatory perspective, the central government and regional governments have shown their role where basically the two villages have become part of the tourism priority villages which in terms of infrastructure are maximally supported by the central government. As well as with regard to licensing, it is very easy to take care of development permits and public facilities that support tourism businesses and make it easier for tourists. From the private sector, many companies and investors started arriving to work together in the two villages, through their Corporate Social Responsibility pattern. On the other hand, the media also plays an important role in efforts to introduce tourism potential so that it is more widely known by tourists, while academics work together in terms of planning that is in accordance with science, as well as the active role of the community which turns out to be open and mutually willing to build villages.
Having an important role as the main supplier of sugar cane in Indonesia that processed into sugar, so that East Java as a producer of sugar cane both with Ratoon Cane (RC) and Plant Cane (PC) must be supported by the government to be more productive and competitive. One of them is through increasing sugar cane yield through increasing technical efficiency. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of technical efficiency in the use of sugar cane farming and identify the level of technical efficiency of farm households. The research location was determined purposively in Malang, Pasuruan, Lumajang, Bondowoso and Situbondo Regencies in July -December in 2018. Determination of respondents was carried out using the typical case sampling method. The technical efficiency of each farmer is carried out using a comparison of the actual production functions achieved by farmers using the frontier production function. The results showed the level of technical efficiency in sugar cane farming in wetland and dry land using RC and PC planting systems respectively averaged 89.44% and 99.80% so it was technically efficient.
Shallot has the highest production value in Indonesia. High production value indicates that shallot is an important commodity, therefore, its potential must be improved. Technical efficiency analysis can be used to measure production efficiency and possible input reduction to maximize the production potential of shallot. The chosen location for this research is Torongrejo Village Batu City, East Java. Shallot productivity value of Batu City is comparable to other central shallot production areas in East Java. The purpose of this research is to understand the farming system and production efficiency of shallot alongside with socio-economics factors affecting its efficiency level. Research method used in this research consists of: profitability analysis of shallot farming, analysis using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to analyze the technical efficiency of shallot production, and Tobit regression to analyze socio-economics factors affecting technical efficiency level. The results from the analyses shows that shallot farming in Torongrejo Village has the R/C ratio of 2,09, with the DEA-CRS technical qfficiency value of 87,7 percent, DEA-VRS technical efficiency value of 99 percent and scale efficiency value of 88,6 percent. The result from Tobit regression using DEA-VRS as dependent variable shows that farming experience and formal education has positive and significant effect on technical efficiency (TE) level, and land ownership status has negative and significant effect on TE level. Shallot production efficiency can be increased by using reduced inputs therefore able to increase farming profit while keep improving farmers’ education and agriculture extension programs for the next generation of farmers.
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