Gender related discrimination has increased pervasively, especially as the fight for equality and acceptance takes center stage in the past few years. Women persistently demand the right to stand equally with men, and likewise, the Lesbian, Gay, Bi-Sexual, Transgender, Queer and Intersex Community (LGBTQI) seek the same equity. However, responses to gender and sexuality issues vary greatly across the world. The LGBTQI population is also difficult to determine given the intolerance of some Countries towards this community. On the topic of homosexuality, attitudes and presumptions prevail and act as barriers in acceptance of the ‘gay’ community. These obstacles hail from a multitude of concerns, spanning the areas of culture, religion and ethnicity, amongst others. This study seeks to analyze and determine the treatment of homosexual men in two multicultural countries: Indonesia and the Philippines. Repeated reports of gay suppression in Indonesia are a stark contrast to the seemingly high tolerance that gay people enjoy in the Philippines. This paper outlines the causes of these opposing treatments for gay communities in Indonesia and the Philippines.
The LGBT groups in Indonesia have little or no power and limited access to fight for their rights. Growing up in a system where one cannot be or say who they truly are, places them in a position where they are in a constant state of having to negotiate life within a hostile environment. This paper will look their (social) adaptation between their religion (Islam) and their family. They have to obey their religion, as well as they also have to obey and respect to their family in order to preserve the family’s honor. Those complexities raise a hierarchy, which is side by side with the religious teachings, culture and norms that causes a difficulty for them to come out showing as a gay. For this paper, I took the data from my doctoral research at Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), France which I completed in 2015. For the purposes of this paper, I only used ten questions that are very closely related to religious and family issues. Kelompok Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual, dan Transjender (LGBT) di Indonesia memiliki akses yang sangat terbatas untuk memperjuangkan hak-hak mereka. Tumbuh dalam sistem di mana seseorang tidak dapat mengatakan siapa mereka sebenarnya, menempatkan mereka dalam posisi di mana mereka berada dalam keadaan konstan. Mereka harus melakukan adaptasi dalam lingkungan yang bermusuhan. Makalah ini akan melihat adaptasi (sosial) mereka di antara agama (Islam) dan keluarga. Mereka harus mematuhi agama mereka dan juga harus menghormati keluarga mereka untuk menjaga kehormatan keluarga. Kompleksitas itu memunculkan hierarki dalam ajaran agama, budaya, dan norma-norma yang menyebabkan mereka sulit tampil sebagai gay. Untuk makalah ini, saya mengambil data dari penelitian doktoral saya di Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), Perancis yang saya selesaikan pada tahun 2015. Untuk keperluan makalah ini, saya hanya menggunakan sepuluh pertanyaan yang sangat erat kaitannya dengan agama dan masalah keluarga.
Migration is associated with the search for a more permissive environment. By linking Paris as a place of attachment, the author sees that Paris in this case can be indicated as the “home” for Indonesian gays. The feeling of “full gay” is a feeling that they never get when they stay in Indonesia. That is why many Indonesian gays decide to move out of Indonesia in any way regardless of the difficulties they face in the destination country. This paper answer two questions: what do we understand by “Gay-friendly city”? And if we talk about Jakarta, “can Jakarta be categorized as a gay-friendly city”? The author interviewed eight Indonesian gays directly in Paris with the naturalistic paradigm and analyzed with the qualitative research, and what will be found in this paper is the narrative of the eight informants. It can be said that the Indonesian gays who have migrated to Paris do not feel that their lives have been wasted. They do diaspora by going to gay bars and participating in gay pride parades. What they feel is a feeling of freedom to be able to channel their gender and sexual expression, and they found that Paris as a gay-friendly city is a kind of space of resistance.
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