Face perception is a skill crucial to primates. In both humans and macaque monkeys, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals a system of cortical regions that show increased blood flow when the subject views images of faces, compared with images of objects. However, the stimulus selectivity of single neurons within these fMRI-identified regions has not been studied. We used fMRI to identify and target the largest face-selective region in two macaques for single-unit recording. Almost all (97%) of the visually responsive neurons in this region were strongly face selective, indicating that a dedicated cortical area exists to support face processing in the macaque.Lesion studies show that object recognition depends on the temporal lobe (1), but the principles of temporal lobe organization underlying the representation of objects remain uncertain. In particular, the question of how face processing is functionally organized has been a focus of intense debate (2-4). In humans, several cortical regions have consistently been found in fMRI studies to be more responsive to faces than to other objects, and it has been suggested that the fusiform face area (FFA) is exclusively dedicated to face processing (5). However, physiologists who are recording from the macaque temporal lobe have never found any entirely face-selective region; instead, they have reported scattered clusters of face-selective cells, especially prevalent in the upper and lower banks of the superior temporal sulcus (STS), with, at most, 20 to 30% of the cells in any region being face selective (6-9).It is possible that an area consisting entirely of face-selective cells exists in the macaque and has simply been missed because of single-unit sampling limitations. Alternatively, no such †To whom correspondence should be addressed.