A intensificação do desmatamento em microbacias hidrográficas para instalação de atividades agropecuárias coloca em risco a conservação dos recursos naturais e o fornecimento de serviços ecossistêmicos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar as áreas com conflito de uso do solo em Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) nas microbacias hidrográficas do município de Senador Amaral (MG), com o auxílio de técnicas de geoprocessamento e dados disponibilizados pelo Sistema Nacional de Cadastro Ambiental Rural (SICAR). Para isto, foi elaborado o mapa de uso e cobertura do solo do município através do algoritmo de classificação supervisionada de máxima verossimilhança (MaxVer) de uma imagem obtida pelo satélite Landsat 8, com resolução espacial de 30 m. Foram delimitadas, ainda, as microbacias hidrográficas, as APPs de nascentes, encostas, topos de morros e zonas ripárias, por meio da aplicação de técnicas de geoprocessamento. A classe de uso do solo mais representativa em Senador Amaral foi a pastagem, ocupando 50,14% do território municipal, seguida pela formação florestal (25,37%) e solo exposto (16,60%). As APPs das microbacias hidrográficas estudadas representam 9,83% da área total do município, sendo que 57,68% dessas áreas encontra-se em não conformidade com a legislação ambiental, colocando em risco toda a biodiversidade local. Os resultados indicaram que a atividade predominante nas áreas em desacordo com a legislação é a pastagem, ressaltando a necessidade de implementação de ações educacionais direcionadas à população e da criação de um planejamento estratégico para a gestão dos recursos naturais municipais e recuperação ecológica das APPs. Geoprocessing techniques applied to the study of conflict of soil use in microbacies of Senador Amaral - MG A B S T R A C TThe intensification of deforestation in watersheds for the agricultural activities installation puts at risk the natural resources conservation and the ecosystem services provision. The present work aimed to quantify the areas with conflict of land use in Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs) in the hydrographic basins of the Senador Amaral (MG) municipality, with the support of geoprocessing techniques and data provided by the National Environmental Registry of Rural Properties (SICAR). For this, the map of municipality land use/cover was elaborated through the supervised classification method of maximum likelihood (MaxVer) of an image obtained by the satellite Landsat 8, with spatial resolution of 30 m. The watersheds, APPs of springs, slopes, hilltops and riparian zones were also delimited, through the application of geoprocessing techniques. The most representative land use class in Senador Amaral was pasture, occupying 50.14% of the municipal territory, followed by forest formation (25.37%) and exposed soil (16.60%). The APPs of the studied watersheds represent 9.83% of the total area of the municipality, and 57.68% of these areas are not in compliance with environmental legislation, putting all local biodiversity at risk. The results indicated that the predominant activity in the areas at odds with the legislation is grazing, highlighting the need to implement educational actions directed at the population and the need to creation of a strategic plan for the municipal natural resources management and ecological recovery of APPs.Keywords: permanent preservation areas; rural environmental register; forest code; environmental legislation.
This paper analyzed the anthropic expansion of the municipality of Paraty-RJ in relation to the Serra da Bocaina National Park. In addition to the bibliographic and documentary revision of the Municipal Master Plan and the Park Management Plan, geoprocessing tools were used for chronological analyzes of land use and occupation change in 2001, 2006 and 2018, using images from the satellite Landsat 5 and Landsat 8. It was verified the growth of the anthropic occupation in a diffuse way in relation to the Park, without respect to the municipal planning, reflecting in the decrease of the native vegetation cover. Both the Master and Management Plans have been inefficient in terms of their objectives, justifying the need for improvements in Paraty and Park management through the responsible agencies.
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