This study analyzed the functions of shifting (phenomenon of legal pluralism) and identified forest conversion at Production Forest Management Unit of Dharmasraya (PFMU Dharmasraya), West Sumatra, Indonesia from March 2018 to December 2019 using a qualitative research design with a case study approach. The identification of changes in forest cover analyzed by satellite images using the NDVI method to obtain the distribution of forest cover. Discussion on legal pluralism were examined using a non-ethnographic qualitative research approach through interviews with local communities, companies/permit holders, and related institutions (government). From 2000 to 2019, the PFMU Dharmasraya forest area reduced from 86 to 12%, and plantations increased from 10 to 81% of the total area of 33,539 ha. The legal pluralism of forest ownership occurs because local communities use traditional law, claiming the PFMU Dharmasraya area as Ulayat land. In contrast, the government claims the forest belongs to the state. The motives for the conversion of forest functions are the expansion of oil palm and rubber plantations, forest clearing to mark forest ownership rights, and illegal logging.
Land cover change occurs naturally, but in urban areas, Land cover change usually occurs more rapidly than in rural areas. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse Land cover changes using spatial data to determine Land cover changes that occurred in urban areas such as Bandar Lampung City in 2000 and 2020. This study uses Landsat 7 and 8 imagery processed by the NVDI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) analysis method with an arithmetic formula to determine the vegetation index NDVI = (NIR-RED) / (NIR + RED). After obtaining the land cover map from the results of the NDVI analysis, a ground check was carried out at 30 location points to determine the actual condition of the field and calibrate the data from NDVI analysis and actual condition. In this study, it was found that the results of Land cover from 2000 to 2020 experienced changes, namely in open land/settlements increased by 74% or 217 ha, shrub land decreased by 27% or 32 ha, low vegetation land decreased by 4.8% or 7 ha, and vegetation land is decreasing by 72.5% or 100 ha. Based on the results of ground checks, changes in Land cover are caused by the construction of settlements, housing, and industrial estates due to an increase in population and urban growth.
The rotational planting was applied as the result of decreasing the number of pineapple production. The decreased pineapple production is influenced by soil fertility measured from the chemical, physical, and biological aspects. This research was conducted to comprehend the potential of rotational planting. This research was conducted by taking samples from three different locations: PC pineapple (the first plant), RC Pineapple (Ratoon Plant), and bananas after harvest. Samples were taken at a depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. The research was conducted from November 2015 until February 2016 at Central Lampung. This research found that rotating the planting between the pineapple and the banana can improve soil fertility. After harvest, bananas’ location has soil pH, total nitrogen, C-organic, phosphorus available, and potassium available is higher if compared to PC pineapple and RC Pineapple location. This was based on the fact that the soil of the harvestable banana (4.74) has better pH compared to the two locations, PC pineapple (4.54) and RC pineapple (4.09). This resulted from a larger amount of dolomite given to the harvestable banana’s soil than those from the PCs and the RC’s. Its pH can also influence its OH- and other nutrients within the soil. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that the soil of harvestable banana (ex-banana) has a better quality to increase the production of pineapples.
Tanjung Karang Timur merupakan salah satu kecamatan yang berada di Kota Bandar Lampung, yang telah mengalami pemekaran dari wilayah Tanjung Karang. Kebutuhan lahan akan semakin meningkat seiring dengan pertambahan jumlah penduduk. Lahan di Tanjung Karang Timur didominasi dengan dimanfaatkan sebagai tempat pemungkiman. Perubahan penggunaan lahan ini mampu mempengaruhi tutupan hijau di kawasan Tanjung Karang Timur. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan analisis perubahan penggunaan lahan dari tingkat kerapatan vegetasi pada Kecamatan Tanjung Karang Timur pada tahun 2001 dan tahun 2019 dengan menggunakan metode NDVI. Data yang digunakan menggunakan data landsat 7 dan lansat 8. Setelah dilakukannya pengolahan data kemudian dilakukan grouncek lapangan terhadap 30 titik pengamatan yang telah diacak pada peta tahun 2019. Pada tahun 2001 luas lahan terbuka yaitu 129 Ha-1 dengan luas semak 31 Ha-1, luas vegetasi rendah 18 Ha-1 dan luas vegetasi sedang 11 Ha-1. Pada tahun 2019 luas lahan terbuka yaitu 145 Ha-1 dengan luas semak 18 Ha-1, luas vegetasi rendah 10 Ha-1 dan luas vegetasi sedang 7 Ha-1. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan lahan terbuka pada Kecamatan Tanjung Karang Timur. Hal ini mengakibatkan perubahan penggunaan lahan hijau menjadi lahan pemungkiman. Hasil pengamatan groundcek dan hasil olah data menunjukkan tingkat keakuratan sebesar 100%. Abstract: Tanjung Karang Timur is one of the subdistricts in Bandar Lampung City, which has experienced expansion from the Tanjung Karang area. The land need will increase following the population growth. The land in Tanjung Karang Timur is dominated by being used as a place of settlement. Changes in land use can affect green cover in the Tanjung Karang Timur area. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze land use changes from the density level of vegetation in the Tanjung Karang Timur subdistrict in 2001 and 2019 using the NDVI method. The data used to use the data of Landsat 7 and Landsat 8. After processing the data, a field survey was carried out on 30 observation points that had been randomized on the 2019 map. In 2001, the area of open land was 129 Ha-1 with an area of 31 Ha-1 bush, 18 Ha-1 of low vegetation, and 11 Ha-1 of medium vegetation. This shows an increase in open fields in the Tanjung Karang Timur subdistrict. This has resulted in changing the use of green land to open land. The results of ground check observations and data processing results show an accuracy level of 100%.
The development of livestock should be focusing on increasing productivity and maximizing profit and the environmental issue that happens around it. The produced waste can be managed by minimalizing the waste generated by turning it into something valuable or reutilizing it. One way to do it is by utilizing the waste as organic fertilizer (vermicompost). The vermicomposting process resulted in two products that are useful for agriculture; there are earthworm and vermicompost itself. Using the generated waste as growth media for the worm will result in an increased worm population, and the waste will be turned into vermicompost. The earthworm species that will be used in this study is Pheretima sp. This study purpose is to reduce the contamination by the waste generated by livestock, and other purposes are to find out whether the nutrient content in the waste is up to standard and the roles of the earthworm used. The samples were collected on days 30, 45, and 60. The result shows that the only nutrient that can meet the standard is potassium (> 0.2%), while carbon is slightly below standard and nitrogen and phosphor content are way below the standard. From the resulted nutrient content, it can be concluded that the role of Pheretima sp in the vermicomposting process was not optimal resulted in compost that below the Indonesian National Standard for compost.
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