Objective: To investigate the effects of a 12 week comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CCR) programme on patients who have undergone implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Design: Sixteen patients with ICDs (14 (88%) male, mean (SD) age 58 (10) years, range 34-74 years) were randomised to either attend an individually tailored CCR programme or receive usual care. They then changed to the alternative regimen for a further 12 weeks. Exercise capacity was assessed using a treadmill exercise test at baseline, after usual care, after CCR and 12 weeks after CCR to assess maintenance effects. Hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scores were recorded at each stage. Results: Exercise times (min:s; mean (SD)) increased by 16% from a baseline mean of 9:55 (2:33) to 11:11 (2:17) following attendance at CCR (95% confidence interval (CI) 0:34 to 1:58; p = 0.001). This improvement was maintained 12 weeks after attendance at CCR, at 11:20 (2:17) (p = 1.00). HAD scores for anxiety and depression decreased during CCR from a baseline of 13.4 (3.6) to 8.1 (3.6), 95% CI 3.5 to 7.0 (p < 0.001) and 9.9 (3.4) to 6.7 (2.9), 95% CI 1.9 to 4.4 (p = 0.002), respectively. These improvements were maintained at 12 weeks after CCR. No ventricular arrhythmias or ICD discharges occurred during the exercise components of the CCR. The total number of ventricular arrhythmias and ICD discharges was similar 12 weeks before, during, and 12 weeks after CCR.Conclusions: CCR appears to be safe for patients with ICDs. It can improve exercising ability and lower the levels of psychological distress. A larger multicentre study is recommended to confirm these findings.

-Transient loss of consciousness (T-LOC), or blackout, is common in acute medicine. Clinical skills are not done well, with at least 74,000 patients misdiagnosed and mistreated for epilepsy in England alone. The aim of this study was to provide a rapid, structured assessment and an electrocardiogram (ECG) for patients with blackouts, aiming to identify high risk, reduce misdiagnoses, reduce hospital admission rates for low-risk patients, diagnose and treat where appropriate, and also provide onward specialist referral. The majority of patients had syncope, and very few had epilepsy. A high proportion had an abnormal ECG. A specialist-nurse-led rapid access blackouts triage clinic (RABTC) provided rapid effective triage for risk, a comprehensive assessment format, direct treatment for many patients, and otherwise a prompt appropriate onward referral. Rapid assessment through a RABTC reduced re-admissions with blackouts. Widespread use of the web-based blackouts tool could provide the NHS with a performance map. The UK has low rates of pacing compared to Western Europe, which RABTCs might help correct. The RABTC sits between first responders and specialist referral, providing clinical assessment and ECG in all cases, and referral where appropriate.

PURPOSE: Pain and constipation are common among patients with cancer and remain inadequately controlled in many. The Quality Oncology Practice Initiative assessment of pain and constipation at the Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence at Grady Health System identified documentation to be below benchmark levels. A quality improvement initiative to improve pain and constipation management was conducted. METHODS: Given the low baseline documentation rates for pain (60%) and constipation (20%), we aimed for an increase of 20 percentage points within 1 year. On the basis of cause-and-effect analysis and provider questionnaires to understand fully the causal factors, our multidisciplinary team developed a new provider note template to integrate nurse’s assessment of pain and constipation into the provider’s documentation. A new order panel was developed in the electronic medical record to link appropriate orders with the pain and constipation plan. RESULTS: The integration of the initial nursing assessment into the provider note template increased pain score documentation from 66.7% to 100% ( P < .01), and the pain management plan improved from 65.3% to 86.4% ( P = .06). Similarly, constipation assessment documentation improved from 20.4% to 100% ( P < .01), and a documented constipation plan improved accordingly from 11.2% to 29.1% ( P < .01). As a result of this intervention, pain control at the third clinic visit improved from 61.5% to 86.8% ( P < .01). Emergency department visits related to pain and constipation decreased (16.2% to 14.9%; P = .19), and hospitalizations marginally increased (1.6% to 3.6%) during the study period ( P =.28). CONCLUSION: A standardized visit template and hardwired assessment of pain and constipation exceeded the goal for improvement in documentation and positively affected outcomes.

Patients with ‘Clapse?cause’ are common in emergency care in the UK. ‘Collapse’ refers to patients who have suffered an abrupt loss of postural control. Collapse is not synonymous with loss of consciousness, though loss of consciousness commonly results in collapse. Collapse due to transient loss of consciousness (T-LOC) is referred to by patients as a ‘blackout’. The three common causes of blackouts/T-LOC are syncope, epilepsy or psychogenic blackouts. Among these, syncope is much the most prevalent. Problems have been identified in the care of patients with T-LOC/blackouts. The Manchester Rapid Access Blackouts Triage Clinic aims to address these. This article deals with the rationale behind this clinic.

PURPOSE: Oral anticancer medications (OAMs) offer convenient administration, reducing the burden of cancer treatment, but create challenges for patients and practitioners. Using data from the Quality Oncology Practice Initiative analysis, a baseline adherence rate of 30% was identified at a large public, academic hospital. To improve OAM adherence, a quality improvement initiative was conducted. METHODS: The aim was to increase OAM patient adherence by 30 percentage points. Through cause-and-effect analysis, adherence barriers were identified, leading to the development of 2 strategies: low-cost adherence tools and a pharmacist-led adherence program. Prescription refill data were collected before and after the intervention, using prescription-fill data and specialty pharmacy records. Adherence was defined as the patient having the drug available at least 80% to less than 120% of the days evaluated for 4 treatment cycles. Other indicators collected included the number of interventions, OAM-related toxicity, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations. RESULTS: OAM adherence increased from 37% to 85% (n = 20 of 54 v 44 of 52 patients; P < .0001) in 1 year. During the study, 655 interventions were documented by the pharmacist (adherence related, n = 331; treatment related, n = 324). The number of oncology-related emergency room referrals leading to hospitalization increased from 52% (n = 13 of 25) to 62% (n = 23 of 37) during the study period. CONCLUSION: A pharmacist-led adherence program, combined with low-cost adherence tools, exceeded the goal for the adherence initiative, suggesting that a multidisciplinary collaborative approach to OAM adherence can have a significant impact on outcomes.