To translate and cross-cultural validate the PROMIS Paediatric-25 Profile 2.0 (PROMIS-25) into traditional Chinese, and to investigate its psychometric properties in children with cancer in Hong Kong. Methods: The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy translation methodology was adopted in this study. Three panel members evaluated the semantic equivalence and content validity. The psychometric properties were tested with 103 children with cancer (10 to 18 years). Internal consistency and structural validity were examined by Cronbach's alpha and Rasch analysis. Convergent and divergent validity were assessed by correlating it with traditional Chinese paediatric quality of life inventory TM 4.0 domains (traditional Chinese This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Quality of life research .
Results: Statistical analyses revealed significant difference between the pre and post-intervention balance tests results and also significant difference in the scoring of fear of falling scale (p<0.05).
Conclusion:The results showed that the performance in the three balance tests was improved after the intervention. There was also a reduction of fear of falling after the intervention.
An antilock braking system (ABS) is one of the most important components in a road vehicle, which provides active protection during braking, to prevent the wheels from locking-up and achieve handling stability and steerability. The all-electric ABS without any hydraulic components is a potential candidate for electric vehicles. To demonstrate and examine the all-electric ABS algorithms, this article proposes a single-wheel all-electric ABS test bench, which mainly includes the vehicle wheel, the roller, the flywheels, and the electromechanical brake. To simulate dynamic operation of a real vehicle’s wheel, the kinetic energy of the total rotary components in the bench is designed to match the quarter of the one of a commercial car. The vertical force to the wheel is adjustable. The tire-roller contact simulates the real tire-road contact. The roller’s circumferential velocity represents the longitudinal vehicle velocity. The design and analysis of the proposed bench are described in detail. For the developed prototype, the rated clamping force of the electromechanical brake is 11 kN, the maximum vertical force to the wheel reaches 300 kg, and the maximum roller (vehicle) velocity reaches 100 km/h. The measurable bandwidth of the wheel speed is 4 Hz–2 kHz and the motor speed is 2.5 Hz–50 kHz. The measured results including the roller (vehicle) velocity, the wheel velocity, and the wheel slip are satisfactory. This article offers the effective tools to verify all-electric ABS algorithms in a laboratory, hence saving time and cost for the subsequent test on a real road.
Background:
Although the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Paediatric-25 Profile version 2.0 (PROMIS-25) has shown good reliability and validity in assessing HRQOL in Chinese children with cancer, its responsiveness (ie, the ability of the instrument to identify temporal changes in the construct to be measured) in detecting clinically meaningful changes in these children remains unclear.
Objective:
To evaluate the responsiveness and minimally important difference (MID) of the traditional Chinese PROMIS-25 for Chinese children with cancer.
Design:
Prospective study.
Methods:
The responsiveness of traditional Chinese PROMIS-25 domains before and after cancer treatment was evaluated by testing 24 a priori hypotheses of the correlations between changes in the domain scores and the corresponding changes in domain/total scores of the traditional Chinese Patient Health Questionnaire-9, traditional Chinese Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0, and 11-point numeric pain rating scale. The MID for each domain was determined by anchored-based method (MID-A), receiver operating characteristic curve analysis method, and distribution-based method (MID-D).
Results:
A total of 103 children with cancer (13.1 ± 1.8 years) were recruited. The traditional Chinese PROMIS-25 demonstrated moderate to high responsiveness. As all MID-As were higher than the MID-Ds, MID-As were recommended to determine domain changes. The MID-As were Physical Function = 12.3; Anxiety = 17.2; Depression = 15.4; Fatigue = 13.6; Peer Relationships = 6.5; and Pain Interference = 13.0.
Limitations:
This study excluded children with cognitive or visual impairments, as well as those requiring end-of-life care.
Conclusions:
The traditional Chinese PROMIS-25 is a responsive instrument to detect health-related quality of life changes among Chinese children with cancer. Our results provided important references for using PROMIS-25 in clinical practice and research.
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