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A mesoporous molybdenum tungsten mixed metal oxide with high surface area (173 m2/g) was synthesized by using metal dissolution coupled with a surfactant assisted reverse micelle formation synthesis method. Comprehensive characterization of the mixed oxide was performed by using PXRD, Raman, BET, SEM, EDX, TEM, and XPS. Thus, the formation of α-Mo0.5W0.5O3 with a homogeneous distribution of Mo and W throughout the material was seen. Furthermore, multiple oxidation states of molybdenum (Mo6+ and Mo5+) and a single oxidation state of tungsten (W6+) were observed. The weak/moderate acidic sites present in the mixed metal oxide resulted in excellent catalytic properties toward the sp3–sp2 carbon–carbon coupling reactions. The coupling of benzyl alcohol and toluene was completed within 15 min at 110 °C with 99% yield.

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A novel, mesoporous molybdenum doped titanium dioxide-reduced graphene oxide composite is synthesized as a highly efficient heterogeneous solid acid catalyst.

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Activated carbon templated Copper Aluminum mixed oxide (CuAl MO) catalysts have been synthesized and studied for direct imine formation by oxidative coupling of alcohols and amines under solvent free conditions. Among the catalysts, CuAl MO 20%C (catalyst synthesized by adding 20% activated carbon) shows the best activity and selectivity for this reaction. Here, air is used as the oxidant which is considered as the most economical and green oxidant among different oxidizing agents. Pyridine adsorption results confirmed that the presence of higher number of Lewis acidic sites enhances the catalytic activity of the material. Various alcohol and amine substrates were readily converted into the corresponding imines in good to excellent yields. According to catalytic activity studies and TG-MS data, surface oxygen availability and facile reversibility of oxygen readsorption on the surface account for the superior activity and high durability of the CuAl MO 20%C catalyst. The regenerated catalyst showed 92% conversion with 100% selectivity even after the 4 th reuse.

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