Confessionalisation' remains a very useful paradigm -notwithstanding the criticism to which it is susceptible -for describing the process that took place from the 1540s onwards in the religious communities of Western and Central Europe. In the course of this process, Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists, Mennonites, and other groups defined their own peculiar confessional identity, with which they distinguished themselves from other groups and which they encouraged their own members to adopt. The production of creedal statements, catechisms, and indices of forbidden books, as well as the performance of correct rites, the observance of a set moral code, and the establishment of proper Church structures were, among other things, instrumental to this process of confessionalisation. Also the Bible, the founding book par excellence of all Christians without distinction, was also prone to the process of confessionalisation. By focusing on the Low Countries, this essay will observe, from the 1540s onwards, how vernacular Bible editions were divested of their confessionally diffuse or composite character and were transformed into distinct Catholic, Reformed, or Mennonite versions, each having a defined text, a distinctive set of 'paratextual' elements, and its own view on the canon of biblical books. These versions eventually received a quasi-canonical status and would be used in their respective communities for decades and even centuries to come. But before discussing this further, I will deal briefly with the Bible culture in the Low Countries from the end of the Middle Ages, as well as with the most important Bible versions that came into existence in the wake of biblical humanism and Reformation. Whereas the emphasis in this contribution is on Dutch Bible translations, I will also include references to comparable French editions, if applicable.1