Survival of angled largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides held in live wells for 3–9 h, with and without a water conditioner, was compared to largemouth bass released within 30 min (immediate release) of capture. The study was set up to simulate conditions that may occur during a largemouth bass tournament. Simulated tournaments were held in August, November, February, May, and July. Survival of prerelease and postrelease fish was higher when water temperatures were cool during fall and winter. Survival of largemouth bass released within 30 min was 98.9%, which was higher (P < 0.01) than survival of fish held in live wells without a water conditioner (90.8%). Fish held for 3–9 h in live wells with a water conditioner had a 96.5% survival, which was higher (P < 0.05) than survival for those held in unconditioned water. Largemouth bass caught in July had higher mortality than fish caught in November, February, or May. Indications are that addition of a water conditioner to live wells enhances survival of largemouth bass caught on artificial lures; however, if the fish are properly handled, a high survival can be expected without the addition of additives to the water, particularly during cool periods of the year.

Bedding samples were collected twice from commercial dairy free-stall facilities that used recycled sand and clean sand in both the summer and winter. Collection began on the day sand was taken from the pile (d 0) and placed in the free stalls, and continued for 5 to 7 additional days. The number of colonies per gram of bedding of gram-negative bacteria, coliforms, Streptococcus spp., and Klebsiella spp. were estimated for each sand sample as well as amounts of dry and organic matter. Clean sand (CS) and recycled sand (RS) had the same bacterial counts when compared at any sampling time. The mean counts of bacterial populations did vary over the course of the study in both CS and RS. There was a significant increase in bacterial counts from d 0 to d 1 for gram-negative bacteria, coliforms, and Streptococcus spp. in both winter and summer. Counts of gram-negative bacteria, coliforms, Klebsiella spp., and Streptococcus spp. did not differ from d 1 to 7 in the winter. Total counts of gram-negative bacteria did not differ from d 1 to 7 in the summer. On d 1 in the summer, coliform counts were lower than at d 5 to 7, and Klebsiella spp. counts were lower than on d 3 to 7. Streptococcus spp. counts were high on d 1 and were constant through d 7 in both winter and summer trials. The number of coliform and Klebsiella spp. in both CS and RS was below the threshold thought to cause mastitis during the sampling times. The number of Streptococcus spp. was high in both CS and RS during the sampling periods. Other management factors need to be identified to decrease the number of Streptococcus spp. in bedding. Recycled sand had a higher organic matter and lower dry matter compared with CS in winter and summer. The results for this study were obtained from multiple herd comparisons, and herd was a significant effect suggesting that different management systems influence the number and types of bacteria in both CS and RS.

Lipogranulomatous lymphangitis of the intestine occurred in four dogs with intestinal lymphangiectasia. All four presented with chronic diarrhea; three had ascites and two had hypoalbuminemia. Lipogranulomas appeared in lymphatics, often at the point of mesenteric attachment, of small intestine, ileum, or ileum and colon. Mesenteric lymphatics were obstructed and villous lacteals were distended. Mesenteric lymph nodes of one dog contained large lipid spaces and that same animal had a solitary subcapsular lipogranuloma of the liver. This disorder is one of several that result in protein-losing enteropathy in dogs.