Direct intraprostatic injection of ethiodol was done in 12 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy to visualize lymphatic drainage of the prostate gland. In all 12 patients lymphatics of the prostate could be visualized well. The findings of our study indicate that the prostate mainly drains through 3 sets of lymphatics: 1) the main and important set of lymphatics starts from the superolateral angle of the prostate and courses along the lateral pelvic wall to drain into the internal iliac lymph nodes, 2) some lymphatics drain into the lymph nodes in the presacral area and 3) in 45% of the patients lymphatics from the apex of the prostate travel along the course of the internal pudendal vessels to the internal iliac lymph nodes. From the internal iliac lymph nodes the drainage is to the common iliac lymph nodes and, finally, to the lumbar lymph nodes. Each lateral lobe of the prostate drains mainly into the ipsilateral group of lymph nodes with little crossover of lymphatics to the opposite side. All patients tolerated the procedure well and there were no complication during or after the procedure. We believe that this procedure is a safe, simple and direct method to visualize lymphatic drainage of the human prostate gland.
Seventy-three patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma who were believed to have disease limited to the pelvis without evidence of node or bone extension were assigned randomly to either full-field pelvic radiation (40) or delayed hormonal therapy (33). The interval to first evidence of treatment failure was used as the end point of the study. Failures occurred in 13 patients who received radiation therapy and 11 who received delayed hormonal therapy. No difference in disease response could be identified between the 2 treatment groups.
A case of leiomyosarcoma of the bladder with subsequent urethral recurrence is presented. Although it is well documented that urethral recurrence, or more likely new occurrence, is not uncommon following transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, we believe that this is the first reported instance of a sarcoma of the bladder and urethral recurrence. Therefore, management of sarcoma of the bladder might include distal urethrectomy at the time of cystoprostatectomy.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.