Central venous cannulation allows accurate monitoring of right atrial pressure and infusion of drugs during the anaesthetic management of infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. In this prospective, randomized study, we compared the success and speed of cannulation of the internal jugular vein in 45 infants weighing less than 10 kg using three modes of identification: auditory signals from internal ultrasound (SmartNeedle, SM), external ultrasound imaging (Imaging Method, IM) and the traditional palpation of the carotid pulsation and other landmarks (Landmarks Method, LM). The cannulation time, number of attempts with LM and SM techniques were greater than those with IM technique. The incidence of carotid artery puncture and the success rate were not significantly different among the three groups. In infants, a method based on visual ultrasound identification (IM) of the internal jugular vein is more precise and efficient than methods based on auditory (SM) and tactile perception (LM).

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Ultrasonographic localization of the internal jugular vein was superior to the landmarks technique in terms of overall success, speed, and decreased incidence of carotid artery puncture.

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