Purpose:To investigate whether short-term, intensive lipid therapy leads to changes in microvascular characteristics, as measured by using dynamic contrast material-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and Methods:Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained for this HIPAA-compatible study. Subjects with established coronary artery disease or carotid artery stenosis of 15% or greater determined by using ultrasonography and with levels of apolipoprotein B of 120 mg/dL (1.2 g/L) or greater were enrolled in an ongoing study (clinical trial NCT00715273). All received intensive lipid therapy to achieve targeted high-and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and underwent serial serum monitoring including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP) level measurements. Carotid artery MR imaging examinations including morphologic and DCE MR images were obtained at baseline and 1 year after treatment. In subjects with advanced lesions ( . 2 mm thick), MR image analysis was performed, including measurement of lipid-rich necrotic core size and kinetic modeling of DCE MR images to assess changes in the transfer constant ( K trans ). The differences in K trans between baseline and 1-year follow-up were compared by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and associations were assessed by using the Spearman rank correlation coeffi cient. Results:Twenty-eight subjects with interpretable DCE MR imaging results at both baseline and 1-year follow-up were included. After 1 year of treatment, a signifi cant reduction was found in mean K trans (0.085 min 2 1 6 0.037 [standard deviation] to 0.067 min 2 1 6 0.028, P = .02). Reduction in K trans was not signifi cantly correlated with observed reductions in lipid-rich necrotic core size or reductions in HsCRP level. Conclusion:These fi ndings suggest that DCE MR imaging may be a useful imaging method for the assessment of the therapeutic response of the vasa vasorum in patients with atherosclerotic plaque.Clinical trial registration no. NCT00715273.q RSNA, 2011
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