Latar Belakang: Ototoksik merupakan salah satu efek samping kanamisin yang sulit dihindari. Ototoksisitas kanamisin ditandai dengan gangguan pendengaran sensorineural yang progresif dan sering irreversible dimulai dari frekuensi lebih dari 8000 Hz yang akhirnya akan mengenai frekuensi yang lebih rendah jika terapi dilanjutkan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kanamisin pada pasien tuberkulosis multi drug resistance (TB MDR) terhadap munculnya ototoksik dengan pemeriksaan audiometri. Metode: Penelitian observasional longitudinal dengan pendekatan cohort ini mengevaluasi fungsi pendengaran sebelum dan setelah pemberian kanamisin pada pasien TB MDR. Pemeriksaan fungsi pendengaran menggunakan audiometri nada murni. Kanamisin adalah aminoglikosida pilihan pada pasien dengan TB MDR yang akan diberikan secara injeksi intramuskular. Hasil: Uji Friedman’s menunjukkan ditemukan perubahan yang bermakna pada hasil pengukuran audiometri pada frekuensi tinggi antara pasca injeksi kanamisin bulan pertama, kedua, hingga kelima dengan hasil pengukuran sebelum terapi (p>0,05). Diagnosis ototoksisitas menggunakan kriteria American-Speech-Language-Hearing-Association (ASHA) dapat dideteksi sejak bulan pertama pemberian kanamisin (25%). Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara kejadian ototoksik dengan pemberian kanamisin pada penderita TB MDR. Telah terjadi ototoksisitas sejak injeksi kanamisin bulan pertama yang dideteksi dengan menggunakan pemeriksaan audiometri, dan bermakna secara statistik. Introduction: Ototoxicity is one of common side effects of kanamycin which is hard to avoid. Ototoxicity can be detected by a progressive and irreversible high frequency sensorineural hearing loss that can further affect low frequency if the therapy is continued. Kanamycin is the drug-of-choice for TB MDR through intramuscular (IM) injection. Purpose: This study aims to determine whether kanamycin can cause ototoxicity in patient with MDR TB by using audiometry examination. Method: An observational longitudinal study with cohort design, evaluating patient’s hearing threshold before and after kanamycin IM injection once per month using pure tone audiometry. Result: A significant alteration in high pitch before and after injection of kanamycin was revealed with Friedman’s test (p<0.05) for hearing threshold using pure tone audiometry. Furthermore, using American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) the diagnosis of ototoxicity can be established since the first month of kanamycin injection in 25% of the subjects, and also 25% in the second month of injection. Conclusion: There is a significant connection between ototoxicity with kanamycin injection in MDR TB patients, statistically proven. The ototoxicity can happen since the first month of injection, which can be detected using pure tone audiometry.
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