Carcinoma of the colorectum knows no age barrier. To date, more than 1,400 cases have been reported to occur in persons less than 40 years old. Our experience with 70 patients treated over a ten-year interval is reviewed. Signs and symptoms in the young are not distinctive. Diagnosis depends on a high index of suspicion and appropriate investigative procedures. Survival times are shorter in the patients who have mucinous and anaplastic tumors, and their incidences seem to be increased in this age segment. Overall survival does not significantly differ from our general experience (41 per cent, 5-year survival). Early diagnosis and prompt institution of aggressive surgical treatment can be expected to produce survival equivalent to that in patients of other ages.
This study investigated the effectiveness of child-resistant closures, required under the Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970, in reducing the incidence of accidental ingestions of 15 regulated substances among children less than 5 years of age. The regulated substances include aspirin, acetaminophen, prescription drugs, and household chemicals. Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System and the National Center for Health Statistics were analyzed to determine ingestion and death rates associated with these substances over a five-year period. The ingestion rate for all substances that require child-resistant closures has declined from 5.7/1,000 children in 1973 to 3.4/1,000 children in 1978. It is estimated that child-resistant closures have prevented nearly 200,000 accidental ingestions since 1973. Over the past 20 years, the death rate due to poisonings of children has declined from 2.0/100,000 children to 0.5/100,000.
A me thod based on the Unterzaucher procedure has been d eveloped for the determination of small amoun ts of oxygen in organic compounds. The method involves t he p y rolysis of the sample in an a tmosphere of helium , conver sion of the oxygen compounds tha t are form ed to carbon monoxide by passa ge of t he produ cts over p ellets of carbon at a t empera t ure of 1120° C and collection of t he carbon monoxid e in a flask of known vo lume. In terfering s~lbstanc~s are remo ved by passa ge of t he gas through a liquid-air or potassium-hydroxide t rap before collec tion of t he gas. The p er centage of carbon m onoxide in t he collected gas is determined t hrough use of t he N BS col orim etri c indicating gel. As li ttle as 0.01 p ercen t of oxyge n can be determined r eadil y .
Bomb calorimetric measurements have yielded for the heats of combustion (—ΔHoc) at 25°C. of liquid styrene and solid polystyrene to form gaseous carbon dioxide and liquid water the values 4394.88 ± 0.67 int. kjoule per mole (1050.58 ± 0.14 kcal. per mole), and 4325.09 ± 0.42 int. kjoule per C8H8 unit (1033.89 ± 0.10 kcal. per C8H8 unit), respectively, and for the heat of polymerization of liquid styrene to solid polystyrene at 25°C. the value 69.79 ± 0.66 int. kjoule per mole (16.68 ± 0.16 kcal. per mole). The results obtained on two samples of polystyrene of different molecular weight were in agreement within the precision of the measurements. Measurements of the heat of solution of solid polystyrene in liquid monomeric styrene gave the value 3.59 ± 0.21 int. kjoule (0.86 ± 0.05 kcal.) evolved per C8H8 unit of polystyrene at 25°C. Addition of this to the value for the heat of polymerization of liquid styrene to solid polystyrene gives the value 73.38 ± 0.69 int. kjoule (17.54 ± 0.16 kcal.) per mole of styrene for the heat of polymerization of liquid styrene at 25°C., when the final product is a solution of polystyrene in styrene containing 6.9% by weight of polystyrene.
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