The purpose of the research is to examine the role of innovation capital in the creation of value for business organizations. Taking an intellectual capital (IC) perspective, the paper considers R&D investment and its impacts on the companies' operating, financial, and market performance. To investigate the different components of intellectual capital using financial measures, a modified Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC TM ) is used for analysis. Empirical study is conducted on 367 Taiwan semiconductor companies using Pearson correlation and linear multiple regression whereas financial information is generated from a third party database from Taiwan Economic Journal. The result shows that a company's IC in general has a negative impact on its financial and market performance. However, the association between innovation capital which captured by R&D expenditure efficiency (RDE) and companies' operating, financial and market performance is significant. The results provide a different perspective apart from extant research.

Optical processors that perform parallel-to-serial and serial-to-parallel data conversion are introduced and experimentally demonstrated for long-distance optical communication networks.

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Principles of Lasers and Optics describes both the fundamental principles of lasers and the propagation and application of laser radiation in bulk and guided wave components. All solid state, gas and semiconductor lasers are analyzed uniformly as macroscopic devices with susceptibility originated from quantum mechanical interactions to develop an overall understating of the coherent nature of laser radiation. The objective of the book is to present lasers and applications of laser radiation from a macroscopic, uniform point of view. Analyses of the unique properties of coherent laser light in optical components are presented together and derived from fundamental principles, to allow students to appreciate the differences and similarities. Topics covered include a discussion of whether laser radiation should be analyzed as natural light or as a guided wave, the macroscopic differences and similarities between various types of lasers, special techniques, such as super-modes and the two-dimensional Green's function for planar waveguides, and some unusual analyses. This clearly presented and concise text will be useful for first-year graduates in electrical engineering and physics. It also acts as a reference book on the mathematical and analytical techniques used to understand many opto-electronic applications.

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