This document provides a listing of findings and issues resulting from an overview of current Army institutional training and, from the perspective and constraints of Army training, an overview of current learning theory and science. Findings and issues are categorized as "policy issues" and "research issues." Policy issues, such as training scheduling and availability or quality of training technology, are presented as items with relatively straightforward, direct potential solutions that can be analyzed and considered for adoption by Army institutional training management. Research issues, such as modifying training to address far transfer or integrating problem-centered instructional approaches into Army training, are presented as items with no direct solutions and that are suitable for further investigation, ranging from basic research in training and education to development and assessment of prototype Army training and education products. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Army institutional training; transfer of training; learning science; learning theories; Army training transformation; Army distributed learning SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF 19.

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This paper presents and discusses data on the proficiency loss of Army helicopter pilots following no-flying periods of one year or longer. On two separate occasions, a group of 24 Army Individual Ready Reserve (IRR) aviators were retrained on each of 37 contact flying tasks in the UH-1 helicopter. The first retraining occurred shortly after the aviators joined the IRR Aviator Training Program. At that time, the aviators had not engaged in active-duty flying for periods ranging from 2 to 12 years; the median duration of the no-flying was 9.3 years. All IRR aviators were retrained a second time--on the same 37 contact flying tasks--one year after completing the first retraining period.The primary dependent variable was aircraft hours required to achieve proficiency on all flying tasks.In addition, each aviator's proficiency on each flying task was rated at the beginning and at the end of each retraining period.The results show that, on the average, the number of flying hours that IRR aviators required to regain proficiency was 16.2 hours for the first training period and 13.8 for the second period.The number of flight hours required to retrain aviators was found to be inversely related to the total number of flying hours an aviator accumulated while on active duty.The ratings on pre training checkrides showed that no aviator was proficient prior to either training period; however, proficiency was rated considerably less at the outset of the first training period than at the outset of the second. When considered together with the results of other recent research on flight proficiency loss, the results of this study suggest that there may be a "critical period" of'no flying during which an operationally important loss of flight proficiency occurs.

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