A new genus and species of amynodontid rhinoceros, Rostriamynodon grangeri, from the early Late Eocene of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, is the most primitive amynodontid recognized to date. Rostriamynodon exhibits the major diagnostic characteristics of amynodontids: quadratic M3, preorbital fossa, and loss of upper and lower P1. It differs from more advanced members of the family in its long preorbital region and lower cheek tooth morphology. Comparisons with other Eocene ceratomorphs show the crucial position Rostriamynodon has in determining phylogenetic relationships between rhinocerotoids and tapiroids. Evidence is presented for the monophyly of the Rhinocerotoidea, including amynodontids.
The objective of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the consumer adoption of renewable energy in Thailand. The study adopted an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) by including three additional variables. The study applied a quantitative study methodology, with primary data collected using a survey of consumers in five major cities in Thailand. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings of the study indicated that perception of self-effectiveness, environmental concern, renewable energy awareness, and beliefs about renewable energy benefits have a significant and positive effect on consumers’ intention to adopt renewable energy. The cost of renewable was found to have a negative but non-significant influence on consumers’ adoption of renewable energy, while risk/trust perception was found to have a positive but non-significant influence on consumers’ adoption of renewable energy. The study concluded that stakeholders should take into account the aspects of perception of self-effectiveness, environmental concern, renewable energy awareness, and beliefs about renewable energy benefits when running campaigns to promote the consumer adoption of renewable energy in Thailand
Several biologically significant domes of pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs are described and figured. One unusual specimen from the Oldman Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Alberta is placed into a new genus and another specimen from the same formation is assigned to a new species of Stegoceras. Domes referable to Stegoceras sp. (Judith River and Hell Creek Formations) are the first conclusive evidence of the presence of this genus in the United States. A large dome from the Oldman Formation of Alberta is referred to Pachycephalosaurus; this specimen is the oldest described to date and is the first record of this genus in Canada.Endocranial casts of Yaverlandia bitholus and Stegoceras validus are described along with a discussion of endocranial trends in pachycephalosaurids. The separation between the cerebrum and cerebellum found in Yaverlandia, and typical of ornithopods in general, is lacking in Stegoceras and Pachycephalosaurus. The loss of this separation may be the result of head butting.The family Pachycephalosauridae possesses sufficient ornithopod characters to justify their retention in that suborder. It does, however, represent an aberrant side branch of ornithopod evolution, which can best be visualized taxonomically by placing this family into a separate infraorder within the Ornithopoda.
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