At high intensities, light-matter interactions are controlled by the electric field of the exciting light. For instance, when an intense laser pulse interacts with an atomic gas, individual cycles of the incident electric field ionize gas atoms and steer the resulting attosecond-duration electrical wavepackets 1,2 . Such field-controlled light-matter interactions form the basis of attosecond science and have recently expanded from gases to solid-state nanostructures [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . Here, we extend these field-controlled interactions to metallic nanoparticles supporting localized surface plasmon resonances. We demonstrate strong-field, carrier-envelope-phase-sensitive photoemission from arrays of tailored metallic nanoparticles, and we show the influence of the nanoparticle geometry and the plasmon resonance on the phase-sensitive response. Additionally, from a technological standpoint, we push strong-field light-matter interactions to the chip scale. We integrate our plasmonic nanoparticles and experimental geometry in compact, microoptoelectronic devices that operate out of vacuum and under ambient conditions.Moving from low to high optical intensity, photoemission goes from photon-driven to field-controlled. Consider illuminating a metallic surface with an infrared femtosecond laser pulse with electric field F(t) = F 0 A(t) cos(ωt + ϕ), where F 0 is the peak field, A(t) is the normalized pulse envelope, ω is the carrier frequency, and ϕ is the carrier-envelope phase (CEP). When the pulse interacts with the metallic surface, electrons are excited out of the metal and into the surrounding vacuum. At typical incident intensities, this photoemission process is photon-driven: emission is dictated by the pulse's photon energy, that is, ω, and photon flux, that is, the pulse's intensity envelope ∝ |F 0 A(t)| 2 . At high intensities, this photoemission process resembles field-controlled tunnelling. The strong electric field of the pulse deflects the binding potential of the metallic surface and drives electron tunnelling through the distorted barrier. This tunnelling occurs over a timescale τ t = √ 2mW F /eF 0 , where W F is the workfunction of the surface, m is the electron mass, and e is its charge 19,20 . With sufficiently strong F 0 , τ t becomes shorter than the characteristic cycle time of the exciting laser light (τ t < τ cyc = 1/ω), and individual cycles of the driving electric field eject subcycle electrical bursts from the metal and steer these ultrafast currents through the surrounding vacuum 6,8 ; in this strongfield regime, photoemission is controlled by the driving optical electric field and, accordingly, by the CEP, ϕ.In recent years, metallic nanotips have emerged as platforms to non-destructively investigate photoemission in the strong-field regime. When a nanotip is illuminated by a femtosecond laser pulse, the incident field is locally enhanced at the apex of the tip. Due primarily to the tip's sharp geometry, the field enhancement is typically <10, and th...

We propose the use of interaction-free quantum measurements with electrons to eliminate sample damage in electron microscopy. This might allow noninvasive molecular-resolution imaging. We show the possibility of such measurements in the presence of experimentally measured quantum decoherence rates and using a scheme based on existing charged particle trapping techniques.

Ultrafast, high-intensity light-matter interactions lead to optical-field-driven photocurrents with an attosecond-level temporal response. These photocurrents can be used to detect the carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) of short optical pulses, and enable optical-frequency, petahertz (PHz) electronics for high-speed information processing. Despite recent reports on opticalfield-driven photocurrents in various nanoscale solid-state materials, little has been done in examining the large-scale electronic integration of these devices to improve their functionality and compactness. In this work, we demonstrate enhanced, on-chip CEP detection via optical-field-driven photocurrents in a monolithic array of electrically-connected plasmonic bow-tie nanoantennas that are contained within an area of hundreds of square microns. The technique is scalable and could potentially be used for shot-to-shot CEP tagging applications requiring orders-of-magnitude less pulse energy compared to alternative ionization-based techniques. Our results open avenues for compact time-domain, on-chip CEP detection, and inform the development of integrated circuits for PHz electronics as well as integrated platforms for attosecond and strong-field science.