The evaporative fraction is a ratio of latent heat flux to the sum of latent and sensible heat fluxes. It has been used to characterize the energy partition over land surfaces and has potential for inferring daily energy balance information based on midday remote sensing measurements. The HAPEX‐MOBILHY program SAMER system provided surface energy balance data over a range of agricultural crops and soil types. Data from this large‐scale field experiment was analyzed to study the behavior and daylight stability of the evaporative fraction in both ideal and general meteorological conditions. Strong linear relations were found to exist between the midday evaporative fraction and the daylight evaporative fraction. Statistical tests, however, rejected the hypothesis that the two quantities were equal. Relations between the evaporative fraction and surface soil moisture as well as soil moisture over the complete root zone were explored, but no correlation was identified.
(PNNL) have embarked upon a new initiative designed to strengthen the technical defensibility of the groundwater flow and transport model at the Hanford Site in Southeast Washington State and to develop a more robust capability to incorporate uncertainty into the model. One aspect of the initiative is developing and using a three-dimensional transient inverse modeling approach to estimate the hydraulic conductivities, specific yields, and other site-wide scale parameters that incorporates data on the transient behavior of the unconfined aquifer system resulting from Hanford Site waste management since 1943. Over the historical period of Hanford operations, the large volumes of wastewater discharged to a variety of waste facilities resulted in large water table changes over most of the Hanford Site and created significant groundwater mounds (in excess of 20 m) under waste management facilities in the central part of the site. Since 1988, the mission of the Hanford Site has changed from producing weapons to restoring the environment. Thus wastewater discharges have declined significantly, which has caused significant water table declines. The three-dimensional transient inverse calibration, which an external peer review panel recommended to DOE, is being performed using UCODE, a universal inverse modeling code developed jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and the International Groundwater Modeling Center of the Colorado School of Mines. The work uses the existing consolidated site-wide groundwater model (SGM) implemented with the Coupled Fluid Energy and Solute Transport (CFEST) code, which is the forward model whose parameters are estimated by UCODE. The transient inverse calibration uses approximately 70,000 water level measurements made at the Hanford Site since the mid-1940s. Compared with the prior model, the initial baseline transient inverse calibration effort (Cole et al. 2001a) significantly improved the ability of the baseline model to simulate historical trends in water table changes over the entire site for the 1943-1996 period of calibration. Most notably improved were the historical trends of water table changes and mound building observed near major discharge facilities in the 200 West Area. The focus of the inverse modeling initiative in the following year (Vermeul et al. 2001) was to use the developed inverse calibration methodology to test an alternative conceptual model (ACM-1) that no longer considered the underlying basalt bedrock system the no-flow base of the unconfined aquifer system as it had in the past. This alternative SGM model was used to examine and evaluate a variety of mechanisms that affect intercommunication between the Hanford Site unconfined aquifer system and the underlying upper basalt-confined aquifer system. The focus of the ACM-2 inverse modeling initiative, as documented in this report, has been to 1) address data and model implementation limitations identified in the ACM-1 model, 2) complete the implementation and evaluation of the facies-based approach for representing...
This Application Guide is a software document written to provide a suite of example applications of the STOMP (Subsurface Transport Over Multiple Phases) simulator, a scientific tool for analyzing multiple phase subsurface flow and transport. A description of STOMP'S governing equations and constitutive functions and numerical solution algorithms are provided in a companion document, the STOMP Theory Guide. The use, compilation, and execution of the STOMP simulator are described in a second companion document, the STOMP User's Guide. Creation of input files for the STOMP simulator with the sTeP utility is described in a third companion document, the sTeP User's Guide. In writing these guides to the STOMP simulator, the authors have assumed that the reader or code user has received training or is knowledgeable on the topics of multiple phase hydrology, thermodynamics, radioactive chain decay, and nonhysteretic relative permeability-saturation-capillary pressure (k-S-P) functions. The authors further assume that the reader is familiar with the computing environment on which they plan to compile and execute the STOMP simulator. Computer requirements for the STOMP simulator are strongly dependent on the complexity of the simulated system and the translation of the physical domain into a computational domain. The simulator requires an ANSI FORTRAN 77 compiler to generate an executable code. The speed at which the STOMP simulator solves subsurface flow and transport problems depends on the computing platform, problem complexity, and computational domain size and dimensionality. One-dimensional problems of moderate complexity can be solved on conventional desktop computers, but multidimensional problems involving complex flow and transport phenomena typically require the power and memory capabilities of workstation or mainframe computer systems. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial 1 Institute. under Contract DE-AC(M76RL01830. V Acknowledgments This work was funded by the Office of Science and Technology, within the Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management, under the Plumes Focus Area, with the support of
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This data package was originally prepared to support a 2004 composite analysis (CA) of low-level waste disposal at the Hanford Site. The Technical Scope and Approach for the 2004 Composite Analysis of Low-Level Waste Disposal at the Hanford Site (Kincaid et al. 2004) identified the requirements for that analysis and served as the basis for the data collection effort documented in this data package. Completion of the 2004 CA was later deferred, and the 2004 Annual Status Report for the Composite Analysis of Low-Level Waste Disposal in the Central Plateau at the Hanford Site (DOE 2005) indicated that a comprehensive update to the CA was in preparation and would be submitted in 2006. However, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has recently decided to further defer the CA update and will use the cumulative assessment currently under preparation for the environmental impact statement (EIS) being prepared for tank closure and other site decisions as the updated CA.
This data package was originally prepared to support a 2004 composite analysis (CA) of low-level waste disposal at the Hanford Site. The Technical Scope and Approach for the 2004 Composite Analysis of Low Level Waste Disposal at the Hanford Site (Kincaid et al. 2004) identified the requirements for that analysis and served as the basis for initial preparation of this data package. Completion of the 2004 CA was later deferred, with the 2004 Annual Status Report for the Composite Analysis of Low-Level Waste Disposal in the Central Plateau at the Hanford Site (DOE 2005) indicating that a comprehensive update to the CA was in preparation and would be submitted in 2006. However, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has recently decided to further defer the CA update and will use the cumulative assessment currently under preparation for the environmental impact statement (EIS) being prepared for tank closure and other site decisions as the updated CA.
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