Although it is realized that flavour is the result of a multifaceted interaction among many different compounds, this chapter reviews the sulfur compounds that give alliums their characteristic flavours and odours.
Glucosinolates (GSs) are S-containing compounds found in Brassica species and whose degradation products may provide protection against cancer. Sulphoraphane, a product of 4-methylsulphinylbutyl GS degradation, is a particularly potent inhibitor of anticarcinogenic detoxi®cation enzymes. Selenium also has anticancer properties, and consumption of plants containing Se may be an effective way to increase dietary Se. Since plant uptake of Se and S is competitive, GS synthesis may be affected by Se fertilisation. The objective of this study was to determine how Se fertilisation of rapidcycling B oleracea would affect Se and GS concentrations. Plants were grown in hydroponic solutions containing 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 6.0, 7.2 or 9.0 mg l À1 Na 2 SeO 4 . Mineral and glucosinolate concentrations were measured in shoots harvested just before anthesis. Total GSs decreased from 5.84 mmol g À1 (0.0 mg l À1 Na 2 SeO 4 ) to 1.90 mmol g À1 (9.0 mg l À1
Sixty-two onion (Allium cepa L .) entries grown under high (4 .0 mequiv .liter -1 ) and low (0 .1 mequiv .liter -1 ) S fertility were evaluated for foliar and bulb S utilization, and pungency . Significant differences were detected among entries at both S fertility levels for foliar and bulb %S, and enzymatically developed pyruvate (pungency) in bulb tissue . Correlations between foliar %S and enzymatically developed pyruvate and between bulb %S and enzymatically developed pyruvate were poor suggesting that S is differentially partitioned into flavor and non-flavor compounds in the bulbs of onion germplasm . Significant S by entry interactions were found for all variables tested indicating that selection for S utilization and bulb pungency in onions be conducted at S fertility levels indicative of targeted production areas .
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