Partial triceps tendon ruptures can heal without functional deficit. Surgical repair for complete ruptures generally produces good functional results and allows return to play.
Equation-of-state data at extremely high pressure is required for the analysis of many problems pertaining to physics, geophysics, astrophysics, etc. The conventional method used to obtain such data is to impact one flat plate of material against another flat plate at a very high velocity. A shock wave is thus produced in the target plate and the pressure can be deduced by measuring the impact velocity and the shock velocity. American, Russian, and British researchers have used explosive to propel the driver plate to velocities of about 5 km/sec; however, the Russians do not indicate how they accelerate their driver plates for their highest velocities (14–15 km/sec).
The present paper describes an experimental technique in which a 20-mm light-gas gun has been used to accelerate a driver plate against a target at velocities up to 8 km/sec. Tests have been conducted using Fansteel 77 drivers, and Hugoniot data have been obtained for Fansteel 77, tungsten, and gold to about 6-Mbar pressure. The technique is very attractive in that x-ray photographs show that the driver plate is not deformed just prior to impact and has an angle of attack less than 0.5 deg. Also, an analysis of all possible errors in measurement of impact velocity, shock velocity, etc. shows that, with the present technique, Hugoniot data can be obtained to an accuracy of about 1%.
The T-Fix device used in combination with a modifiable progressive rehabilitation program produced excellent clinical patient outcomes among this patient group.
A brief study is described of a simple method for producing plane shock waves in solids at pressures higher than those attainable by conventional explosive methods. Mach reflection of a conically convergent shock in the specimen yields a disk-shaped front at a pressure of several megabars, depending on the type of explosive employed and the specimen material; this front is accessible to Hugoniot equation-of-state measurements. Results for copper at a pressure of 1.9 Mbar are in good agreement with published values.
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