This paper revisits the author’s research on the christology of Hebrews completed in the 1970s in the light of subsequent research. It concentrates, in particular, on the way key problems of interpretation have been handled. These include the extent to which the author’s atonement day typology dictates a soteriology which reduces Christ’s death to a preparatory event and depicts a heavenly offering as the salvific event or, conversely, whether the author employs atonement day typology selectively to interpret Jesus’ death as salvific. It also addresses the associated problems created by parts of the book which report Jesus’ appointment at high priesthood as occurring after his death at his exaltation and other parts which appear to imply that he was acting as a high priest already during his earthly ministry.
Sexual Issues played a significant role in Judaism's engagement with its Greco-Roman world. This paper will examine that engagement in the Hellenistic Greco-Roman era to the end of the first century CE. In part sexual issues were a key element of demarcation between Jews and the wider community, alongside such matters as circumcision, food laws, sabbath keeping and idolatry. Jewish writers, such as Philo of Alexandria, make much of the alleged sexual profligacy of their Gentile contemporaries, not least in association with wild drunken parties, same-sex relations and pederasty. Jews, including the emerging Christian movement, claimed the moral high ground. In part, however, matters of sexuality were also areas where intercultural influence is evident, such as in the shift in Jewish tradition from polygyny to monogyny, but also in the way Jewish and Christian writers adapted the suspicion and sometimes rejection of passions characteristic of some popular philosophies of their day, seeing them as allies in their moral crusade.
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No other passage of scripture recurs so frequently in allusion or quotation in the christological expressions of NT times as Ps. ex. i. In this expression we stand in continuity with christological thought from the very early beginnings of its development. The purpose of the following study is to investigate the use of Ps. ex. i in relationship to this development, and to examine the function and significance of its motifs at various points within the complex variety of NT christological traditions. 1
Investigation of attitudes towards sexuality in Qumran and related literature shows that the myth of the Watchers served as an aetiology of wrongdoing, but not of sexual wrongdoing in particular as one might have expected, nor as its paradigm. Intermarriage was a major concern, although conflicts over sexual wrongdoing which feature in early sectarian writings disappear in what appear to be later ones. Extensions to holy space and time produce greater restrictions on sexual relations, but without disparaging them in proper space and time. Eschatology which leaves no space for sex created challenges for defending its place in the interim.Keywords: sexuality, Qumran, Dead Sea Scrolls, Watchers, celibacy, sexThe aim of this study is to discuss four particular aspects of research into atti tudes towards sexuality in Qumran and related literature and to comment briefly on their potential relevance for understanding the theme in the NT. The term, 'sexuality', is used in a broad sense to cover matters pertaining to sexuality, rather than the more defined sense of sexual theory or sexual orientation. 'Qumran and related literature', should, strictly speaking, encompass not only sectarian and non-sectarian writings found at Qumran, but also the Hebrew scriptures. The focus here is on the former inasmuch as they have formed part of the first two years of the present author's five-year research program, which is to investigate attitudes towards sexuality in Judaism and Christianity in the Hellenistic Greco-Roman era. 1 The present study does not include Tobit and Sirach, but, on the other hand, includes works of which only frag ments are found at Qumran, such as Jubilees and early Enoch literature. Accordingly, the discussion both reaches conclusions and raises questions which require further research. 2 338 New Test. Stud. 54, pp. 338-354. Printed in the United Kingdom
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