Trust and trustworthiness apply to a wide range of applications in automation and human interactions. Their definitions and characteristics vary depending on the context and the situation. Nevertheless, they are significant because of risk, vulnerability, uncertainty, and confidence. In this paper we review past work to converge our understanding of Trust (human centric and subjective) and trustworthiness (hardware/software centric and objective) across fields including literature from psychological, sociological, economic, automation, and cyberspace perspectives of trust. We expect to create a more rigorous definition of trust and trustworthiness that leads to finding the appropriate metrics to measure trust and trustworthiness dynamically.

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Trust and trustworthiness are significant measurements of a distributed sensing system or a heterogeneous network comprised of sources of information, knowledge, hardware and software. In an effort to design a unified trust model that can be made adaptable to changing application environments, we present fundamental features and rules extracted from literature pertaining to wireless sensor networks, social networks, e-commerce, mobile ad-hoc, peer-to-peer, and distributed network services. The design constraints are: it must (a) support a heterogeneous network, (b) obtain and evaluate multiple trustworthiness measures, (c) be carried out with computational ease without extensive computational power from the sensor network, and (d) be conceptually simple but have a firm basis in theory.

In the days of modern engineering, a complex system can be designed and built using numerous sources of information, knowledge, hardware, and software. A factor that impacts the success of a complex system is trust. In designing a framework that allows for a unified trust model or trusting picture and defining a reliable metric for measuring trustworthiness, we are examining definitions and methodologies from social sciences and engineering. This paper uses a combination of publication analysis of research literature including psychological, sociological, economic, automation, and cyberspace perspectives of trust and technical dialogues with the subject matter experts at the Air Force Research Laboratory, to illuminate the interdisciplinary approach undertaken in hardware centric design with human interface. We review past work to highlight trustworthiness characteristics and trust measurements that conceptually could apply across fields under examination. We expect to create a more rigorous definition of trust and trustworthiness that leads to finding the appropriate metrics to measure trust and trustworthiness dynamically.

This research focuses on trustworthiness assessment and trust judgment in a complex system such as a distributed sensing system. In our previous IMECE paper, we employed an interdisciplinary approach to highlight trustworthiness characteristics and trust measurements in social sciences and cyberspace. In this paper, we elaborate on these findings and present features of existing models we can leverage in different applications. Trust properties and rules reported in this study are extracted from three classes of trust models that met our design constraints. These models are gleaned from the literature pertaining to wireless sensor networks, social networks, e-commerce, mobile ad-hoc, peer-to-peer, and distributed network services. The trust model provides upfront quantitative assurance and trustworthiness metrics for architecting/engineering new systems as well as a situation awareness/management assessment metrics once the system is deployed.

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Distributed collaboration will be a pervasive technology that will significantly change how decisions are made in the 21 st century. Advanced collaborative technologies are evolving rapidly with changes in the underlying computer and information technology. Collaboration is typically defined as two or more geographically dispersed entities working together to share and exchange data, information, knowledge, and actions. This paper will address how evolving technologies and new trends such as web services and grid computing will impact distributed collaborative environments. A new conceptual environment called the Collaboration Grid based on these new standards is evolving. The marriage of advanced information, collaboration, and simulation technologies will provide the decision maker with a new generation of collaborative virtual environments for planning and decision support.

Distributed coUaboration is an emerging technology for the 210t century that will significantly change how business is conducted in the defense and commercial sectors.CoUaboration involves two or more geographically dispersed individuals working together to create a "product" by sharing and exchanging data, information, and knowledge. A product is dermed broadly to Include, for example, writing a report, creating software, designing hardware, or implementing robust systems engineering processes in an organization. CoUaborative environments provide the framework and integrate models, simulations, domain specific tools, and virtual test beds to facilitate collaboration between the multiple disciplines needed in the enterprise. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is conducting a leading edge program in developing distributed collaborative technologies targeted to the Air Force's implementation of systems engineering for simulation-aided acquisition and test process and capability-based planning. The research is focusing on the open systems agent-based framework, product and process modeling, structural architecture, and the integration technologies -the glue to integrate the software components. In past four years, two live assessment events have been conducted to demonstrate the technology in support of Air Force Agile Acquisition that included capabilities for· system en�eering. The AFRLCollaborative Environment concept will foster a major cultural change in how the acquisition, training, and operational communities conduct business.