This article identifies human factors in workplaces that contribute to the challenges faced by cybersecurity leadership within organizations and discusses strategic communication, human–computer interaction, organizational factors, social environments, and security awareness training. Cybersecurity does not simply focus on information technology systems; it also considers how humans use information systems and susceptible actions leading to vulnerabilities. As cyber leaders begin to identify human behavior and processes and collaborate with individuals of the same mindset, an organization’s strategy can improve substantially. Cybersecurity has been an expanding focal point from the viewpoint of human factors. Human inaccuracy can be unintentional due to an inaccurate strategic implementation or accurate unsatisfactory plan implementation. A systematic literature review was conducted to realize unintentional human factors in cybersecurity leadership. The results indicate that humans were the weakest link during the transmission of secure data. Furthermore, specific complacent and unintentional behaviors were observed, enabled by the ignorance of leaders and employees. Therefore, the enforcement of cybersecurity focuses on education, awareness, and communication. A research agenda is outlined, highlighting a further need for interdisciplinary research. This study adopts an original approach by viewing security from a human perspective and assessing how people can reduce cybersecurity incidents.
This study aimed to address the challenges of cybersecurity in education. As kindergarten through twelfth-grade education shifts to online and remote learning, educators and governments are increasingly vulnerable to the risks of cyberattacks and cybercrimes. This study focused on the strategies that institutions can employ to increase their students’ cybersecurity awareness and simultaneously motivate them to pursue cybersecurity as a career. To achieve the research objectives, a systematic review of ten studies was performed, and the results showed that game-based strategies were effective in increasing students’ awareness about cybersecurity and their interest in pursuing cybersecurity as a career. The study’s implications suggest that game designers and developers may want to develop advanced games that gauge students’ cybersecurity skills and ability to respond to aggressive forms of cyberattacks in addition to enhancing their knowledge of cybersecurity.
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