Mycelial cultures of 64 isolates of 14 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi and 27 isolates of 15 species of plant pathogenic fungi were grown on agar medium in Petri dishes. Mycelial discs, 8 mm in diameter, were removed from the cultures and stored in sterile distilled water in test tubes at 5 degrees C. Sixty-four, 61, and 41 isolates of the symbiotic fungi were viable after 1, 2, and 3 years storage respectively. Only 19, 10, and 8 isolates of the pathogenic fungi were viable after 1, 2, and 3 years storage, respectively. Time in pure culture before water storage did not affect viability of any fungal species following water storage. After 3 years storage, four fungi (three symbionts and one pathogen) were tested and found to have retained their original growth rates and root-infecting abilities on pine seedlings. The same four isolates, however, maintained on agar slants at 5 degrees C and subcultured every 4 to 6 months, grew slower and did not infect as many feeder roots of pine as the water-stored isolates.

The lens crystallins were analyzed in normal dogs and Miniature offSchnauzer dogs with congenital cataract formation. There was an increase in the relative proportions of alpha and beta L-crystallin and a decrease in the beta H and gamma-crystallin with increasing age in the noncataractous lens. These trends were advanced in the age-matched cataractous lenses. "Advanced aging" trends were also noted in various polypeptide components of beta-crystallin. Specifically, the appearance of a 29K band as well as a reversal of the 26K to 27.6K ratio occurred at an earlier age in the cataractous lens than in the clear lens. Three subunits of approximately 19K, 20K, and 21.5K were present on SDS-PAGE for alpha-crystallin from the cataractous lens as opposed to only two of 19K and 21.5K from the clear lens. However, if the protein was not heated following resolubilization in buffer containing 2% SDS and 5% 2-mercaptoethanol, only two subunits of 20K and 21.5K were evident in both clear and cataractous lenses. The electrophoretic behavior observed for both alpha and gamma-crystallins did not appear to be age related.

The case of a 35 year old woman who presented with mucoceles that resulted in recurrent intussusception is reported.

Remote sensing techniques offer significant potential for generating accurate thick oil slick maps critical for marine oil spill response. However, field validation and methodology assessment challenges remain. Here, we report on an approach to leveraging oil emissions from the Coal Oil Point (COP) natural marine hydrocarbon seepage offshore of southern California, where prolific oil seepage produces thick oil slicks stretching many kilometers. Specifically, we demonstrate and validate a remote sensing approach as part of the Seep Assessment Study (SAS). Thick oil is sufficient for effective mitigation strategies and is set at 0.15 mm. The brightness temperature of thick oil, TBO, is warmer than oil-free seawater, TBW, allowing segregation of oil from seawater. High spatial-resolution airborne thermal and visible slick imagery were acquired as part of the SAS; including along-slick “streamer” surveys and cross-slick calibration surveys. Several cross-slick survey-imaged short oil slick segments that were collected by a customized harbor oil skimmer; termed “collects”. The brightness temperature contrast, ΔTB (TBO−TBW), for oil pixels (based on a semi-supervised classification of oil pixels) and oil thickness, h, from collected oil for each collect provided the empirical calibration of ΔTB(h). The TB probability distributions provided TBO and TBW, whereas a spatial model of TBW provided ΔTB for the streamer analysis. Complicating TBW was the fact that streamers were located at current shears where two water masses intersect, leading to a TB discontinuity at the slick. This current shear arose from a persistent eddy down current of the COP that provides critical steering of oil slicks from the Coal Oil Point. The total floating thick oil in a streamer observed on 23 May and a streamer observed on 25 May 2016 was estimated at 311 (2.3 bbl) and 2671 kg (20 bbl) with mean linear floating oil 0.14 and 2.4 kg m−1 with uncertainties by Monte Carlo simulations of 25% and 7%, respectively. Based on typical currents, the average of these two streamers corresponds to 265 g s−1 (~200 bbl day−1) in a range of 60–340 bbl day−1, with significant short-term temporal variability that suggests slug flow for the seep oil emissions. Given that there are typically four or five streamers, these data are consistent with field emissions that are higher than the literature estimates.

Studying a programmed textbook was compared with studying a conventional textbook to determine which method leads to better performance on a content examination. Both texts covered similar material on operant psychology. In a setting where 12 teaching assistants each taught 2 discussion sections with enrollments of about 22 students, 1 section studied the programmed text, and the other studied the conventional text. At the end of the semester, all students took an examination which contained several types of items. The results of the experiment favored the programmed text in that, for all 6 objective types of items and for 5 out of 8 essay items, the level of performance of the programmed text group was higher than the conventional text group (p < .05 or better from the analysis of variance).