IX. Mechanical Laws 210 X. The Law of Gravitation 214 XI. The Laws of Motion 231 XII. Friction 238 BOOK III. Religious Views 251 Chap. I. The Creator of the Physical World is the Governor of the Moral World 254 II. On the Vastness of the Universe 268 III. On Man's Place in the Universe 279 IV. On the Impression produced by the Contemplation of Laws of Nature ; or on the Conviction that Law Implies Mind .... 293 V. On Inductive Habits; or, on the Impression produced on Men's Minds by discovering Laws of Nature 303 twenty-four hours, thus producing the succession of appearances and effects which constitute sea-DIVISION OF THE SUBJECT. 1.5 sons and climates, day and night;-that this globe has its surface furrowed and ridged with various inequalities, the waters of the ocean occupying the depressed parts :-that it is surrounded by an atmosphere, or spherical covering of air; and that various other physical agents, moisture, electricity, magnetism, light, operate at the surface of the earth, according to their peculiar laws. This surface is, as we know, clothed with a covering of plants, and inhabited by the various tribes of animals, with all their variety of sensations, wants, and enjoyments. The relations and connexions of the larger portions of the world, the sun, the planets, and the stars, the cosmical arrangements of the system, as they are sometimes called, de-' * Rapports du Physique et du Moral de l'Homme, II. 37J.
A study of photographs taken in a very powerful magnetic field with the aid of a cloud chamber activated by counter responses shows (1) that such an arrangement has a strong selective action on showers; (2) that showers so selected have an exceptional multiplicity of tracks;(3) that the two counters show simultaneous responses when no single particle can pass through both of them; (4) that in general these showers consist of a mixture of positive and negative electrons rather than of electrons and protons, no effects certainly attributable to neutrons being observed; (5) that these electrons in getting out of the nucleus some times produce an intense photon spray of the nature of "brems st ranking"; (6) that these photon sprays are increasingly responsible for the simultaneous activation of the two counters the thicker the intervening lead; (7) that a light element like carbon has little effect in producing either showers or sprays; (8) that the total energy of a shower is not larger than that of single electrons (+ or -); (9) that the Dirac theory encounters certain difficulties in accounting for the observed effects.
The radio sonde has been developed in recent years as a practical instrument for transmitting information from the stratosphere. This paper discusses some of the problems connected with the application of the radio-sonde principle to the radio meteorograph and also to the cosmic-ray radio sonde.
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