There is an increasing concern about the protection of groundwater from contamination by enteric viruses and the prevention of outbreaks of waterborne diseases. Knowledge of survivability and transport of viruses from their point of origin is necessary to determine their potential effects on the neighboring groundwater systems. The distribution of virus is, in turn, dependent on the physical and chemical compositions of the surrounding soil and subsurface systems. For the present study, we have determined the effects of different surfactants (cationic, anionic, nonionic, and biological) and natural organic matter (NOM) on bacteriophages. Results indicated that surfactants and NOM adversely affect phage survival in binary systems, with surfactants being the most harmful. Studies with ternary systems also showed that the presence of surfactants reduced sorption of phages on sorbents either by occupying available sorption sites on the sorbent material or by displacing the sorbed phages from the sorbent surface. Water contact angles of the selected phages and different sorbent surfaces have been measured. Experimental data demonstrated that the sorption of hydrophobic viruses was favored by hydrophobic sorbents, while the sorption of hydrophilic viruses was favored by hydrophilic sorbents.
The interactions of methyl, tetramethylene, and propyl sulfoxides and propyl sulfone during sorption onto four dewaxed, acid‐form peats have been studied by means of swelling measurements. The results for sulfoxides are displayed as heteromolecular sorption isotherms, which plot amount sorbed versus S=O group activity (molar density ratio relative to methyl sulfoxide). The present swelling data are compared to previous data for a homologous series of alcohols. Propyl sulfone apparently reacted with the peats during the sorption process, and one peat (Canadian) exhibited a dramatic 26% shrinkage in volume when exposed to this reagent for 8 weeks. Pyrolysis‐GC‐MS study of sulfone‐doped Canadian peat found that propyl sulfide was the predominant pyrolysis product, although traces of propyl sulfoxide and sulfur dioxide were also found.
Articles you may be interested inThe lowtemperature thermal conductivity of a polyoxymethylene ''crystal''The heat capacity of a single crystal of Ca WO, was determined by adiabatic calorimetry from 5° to 350 0 K and found to be without transitions or thermal anomalies. Deviation of the curve from normal sigmate shape is shown to be due to internal vibrations of the WOr ions. Apparent Debye 9's for the lattice-only heat capacity and for that of the acoustical spectrum show "normal" deviation from simple Debye theory. Values of the heat capacity (Cp ) , entropy (SO), enthalpy function [(HO-HoO)jT], and Gibbs function [(Go/HoO)/T] at 298. 15°K are 27.28, 30.21,16.02, and -14.19, in calories per gram formula mass· degree Kelvin.
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