Case records of 64 dogs with nasal adenocarcinoma were reviewed. The effects of age, gender, tumor stage, presence of metastatic lesions. and treatment method on survival time were examined. Surgery groups included rhinotomy (n = 9). transnasal curettage (n = 29). and no surgery (n = 26). Chemotherapy groups included fluorouracil-cyclophosphamide combination therapy (n = 1% mitoxantrone (n = 7). and no chemotherapy (n = 42). Fifty-three dogs received fractionated cobalt 60 radiation therapy. Surgical procedure. chemotherapy group. and stage of primary tumor were not significantly associated with survival time (P > .05). Dogs that received radiation therapy had a significantly longer median survival time (424 days) than dogs that did not (126 days) (P = .0001). The presence of either regional lymph node or pulmonary metastasis was associated with significantly shorter median survival time (109 days) when compared to dogs without metastases (393 days) ( P = .0125). When only dogs that had received radiation therapy were considered, neither surgical treatment nor chemotherapy group was associated with significant changes in median survival time. An alternate staging system emphasizing the presence or absence of metastases is proposed.Key words: Chemotherapy; Metastasis; Radiotherapy.umors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses com-T prise less than 2% of canine neoplasms.' Most of these tumors are malignant and associated with a poor prognosis.l-3 Nasal carcinomas occur more frequently than sarcomas in all domestic species.I Of carcinomas, adenocarcinoma is the most common nasal tumor in the dog.' Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, and ortho-or megavoltage teletherapy, used singly, or as combination therapies. Radiotherapy is employed most commonly and has been reported to provide better clinical responses than surgery or chemotherapy alone6-x; however, results have been uniformly poor. Extensive disease and bony destruction often preclude effective treatment. Reported mean survival time without treatment was 5 months.' A median survival.time of 23 months with radiotherapy was reported in 1 study.7 Subsequent studies indicated median survival of 16.5 months or less.6.".1"In previous reports of nasal tumors in the dog, tumors were not staged and dogs with metastasis were excluded.',h,'o Failure to recognize or include animals with metastatic lesions thus limited the ability to examine tumor stage as a prognostic indicator. Furthermore, previous reports included multiple tumor type^^,^,^,^,^,^^ and considerable variation in radiation dose and t~p e .~.~ In an effort to more accurately determine the prognostic significance of tumor stage for dogs with nasal tumors, this study was limited to 1 tumor type for which complete staging was performed. The efficacy of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy in the treatment of nasal adenocarcinoma was examined.
We compared clinical characteristics and outcomes for dogs with various digital tumors. Medical records and histology specimens of affected dogs from 9 veterinary institutions were reviewed. Risk factors examined included age, weight, sex, tumor site (hindlimb or forelimb), local tumor (T) stage, metastases, tumor type, and treatment modality. The Kaplan-Meier product limit method was used to determine the effect of postulated risk factors on local disease-free interval (LDFI), metastasis-free interval (MFI), and survival time (ST). Outcomes were thought to differ significantly between groups when P Յ .003. Sixty-four dogs were included. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounted for 33 (51.6%) of the tumors. Three dogs presented with or developed multiple digital SCC. Other diagnoses included malignant melanoma (MM) (n ϭ 10; 15.6%), osteosarcoma (OSA) (n ϭ 4; 6.3%), hemangiopericytoma (n ϭ 3; 4.7%), benign soft tissue tumors (n ϭ 5; 7.8%), and malignant soft tissue tumors (n ϭ 9; 14%). Fourteen dogs with malignancies had black hair coats, including 5 of the 10 dogs with MM. Surgery was the most common treatment and, regardless of the procedure, had a positive impact on survival. None of the patient variables assessed, including age, sex, tumor type, site, and stage, had a significant impact on ST. Both LDFI and MFI were negatively affected by higher T stage, but not by type of malignancy. Although metastasis at diagnosis correlated with a shorter LDFI, it did not have a significant impact on ST. On the basis of these findings, early surgical intervention is advised for the treatment of dogs with digital tumors, regardless of tumor type or the presence of metastatic disease.
Twenty-five dogs with naturally occurring mast cell tumors were treated with daily oral prednisone (1 mg/kg) for 28 days. Five dogs (20%) had reduction in tumor volume and were considered responders. Four of these underwent partial remission and one underwent complete remission. Survival times for the five responders were 3, 5, 6, 7.5, and greater than 28 months, respectively. W e therefore conast cell tumors (MCTs) are common neoplasms M in dogs, accounting for 7% to 2 1 % of all skin and subcutaneous tumors.' The clinical course of the disease varies from benign to highly malignant, and approximately 50% of MCTs are considered clinically malignant.2 The degree of malignancy can be correlated to the neoplasm's histopathologic appearance, which has led to a histopathologic grading ~y s t e m .~,~ Treatment of MCTs may include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.',2 Wide surgical excision is the preferred treatment, and radiation therapy is recommended when surgical excision is not possible.',* Radiotherapy can be used either as a single mode of therapy or in conjunction with surgery. Chemotherapy may be indicated when surgery or radiotherapy are not feasible, or as an adjunct to those treatments. Glucocorticoids and L-asparaginase have been shown to have activity against M C T S .~,~ Oral prednisone and intralesional triamcinolone are usually recommended.'X2 Previous reports suggest successful treatment with these agents, but no adequate studies have been performed to document their effectiveness. This multi-institutional prospective study was performed to determine if oral prednisone Materials and MethodsThe initial criteria for inclusion in this study were presence of one or more measurable cutaneous or subcutaneous MCT, histopathology specimen available for review, and no previous treatment with glucocorticoids. Twenty-five clientowned dogs (with 39 tumors) presented to the participating institutions between April 1988 and January 1991 were evaluated. Thirteen dogs had been previously treated by surgical excision of MCTs, but had tumor recurrence at the time of this study. Three dogs were also included that did not meet the above criteria; in those dogs, histopathology specimens were not available for review.Tumor volume was determined before treatment, and the location of the tumors was recorded as trunk, extremities, or head and neck in all dogs. When multiple tumors were present (all tumors were cytologically diagnosed as MCTs), the volumes were added to calculate the total tumor volume, and the largest tumor was biopsied. Pretreatment incisional biopsies were obtained in 23 dogs (dogs 1-23), and 2 dogs (dogs 24 and 25) were treated based upon cytologic evidence of MCTs. Other parameters evaluated (eg, buffy coat and bone marrow cytology, radiographs, and serum biochemical profiles) varied between institutions and were not standardized or analyzed.Treatment consisted of prednisone (1 mg/kg) PO sid for 28 days. With the exception of heartworm prophylaxis, this was the only drug given.Tumor burden was d...
We compared clinical characteristics and outcomes for dogs with various digital tumors. Medical records and histology specimens of affected dogs from 9 veterinary institutions were reviewed. Risk factors examined included age, weight, sex, tumor site (hindlimb or forelimb), local tumor (T) stage, metastases, tumor type, and treatment modality. The Kaplan-Meier product limit method was used to determine the effect of postulated risk factors on local disease-free interval (LDFI), metastasis-free interval (MFI), and survival time (ST). Outcomes were thought to differ significantly between groups when P .003. Sixty-four dogs were included. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounted for 33 (51.6%) of the tumors. Three dogs presented with or developed multiple digital SCC. Other diagnoses included malignant melanoma (MM) (n 10; 15.6%), osteosarcoma (OSA) (n 4; 6.3%), hemangioperi-cytoma (n 3; 4.7%), benign soft tissue tumors (n 5; 7.8%), and malignant soft tissue tumors (n 9; 14%). Fourteen dogs with malignancies had black hair coats, including 5 of the 10 dogs with MM. Surgery was the most common treatment and, regardless of the procedure, had a positive impact on survival. None of the patient variables assessed, including age, sex, tumor type, site, and stage, had a significant impact on ST. Both LDFI and MFI were negatively affected by higher T stage, but not by type of malignancy. Although metastasis at diagnosis correlated with a shorter LDFI, it did not have a significant impact on ST. On the basis of these findings, early surgical intervention is advised for the treatment of dogs with digital tumors, regardless of tumor type or the presence of metastatic disease.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.