Regardless of the ups and downs of modern civilization, we are reasonably certain of the continued existence of public education for the rest of this century. During the past one hundred years the public schools have developed into one of the basic institutions in western culture. This is true for the totalitarian nations as well as for those which still claim allegiance to the democratic way of life. The effect of the public school program can no longer be thought of as being individualistic in nature, for the public school is the major agency for the transmission of the cultural heritage and for maintaining social order, as well as for offering the individual opportunity in the struggle for existence. In short, education has become institutionalized.
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