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C++ and Concurrent C are both upward‐compatible supersets of C that provide data abstraction and parallel programming facilities, respectively. Although data abstraction facilities are important for writing concurrent programs, we did not provide data abstraction facilities in Concurrent C because we did not want to duplicate the C++ research effort. Instead, we decided that we would eventually integrate C++ and Concurrent C facilities to produce a language with both data abstraction and parallel programming facilities, namely, Concurrent C++. Data abstraction and parallel programming facilities are orthogonal. Despite this, the merger of Concurrent C and C++ raised several integration issues. In this paper, we will give introductions to C++ and Concurrent C, give two examples illustrating the advantages of using data abstraction facilities in concurrent programs, and discuss issues in integrating C++ and Concurrent C to produce Concurrent C++.

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providers to favor new service architectures that help them expand and refresh the suite of offered services so they can compete successfully for subscribers and can entice the subscribers to spend more on services.The basic problem to be solved by these new service architectures concerns cost and speed for delivering new services. The concept is to introduce decoupling and modularization with defined interfaces so that a new service-as experienced by the end user-could be provided by adding a new application in the application layer. Ideally, the addition of the new application would not affect other applications existing in the network if the decoupling is designed well. The application would be a sufficiently

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