The need to understand the carbon sequestration ability of trees under current and future climatic scenarios is fundamental to predict the role of forest in counterbalancing the global warming. In this study, we investigated the carbon sequestration ability of Pinus sylvestris L. in a setting of pure and mixed forests with Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. in Central Poland. Beside the traditional growth measures, i.e., Ring Width, Basal Area Increment, and wood density, we utilized also a new Index called BAIden, which combines Basal Area Increment and mean ring wood density to depict the carbon sequestration ability of trees. Pinus sylvestris showed different sensitivity to climatic variability depending on tree admixture, while the Basal Area Increment and wood density presented few differences between pure and mixed forests. According to the BAIden index, carbon accumulation in P. sylvestris showed similar sensitivity to climatic variability in pure and mixed forests. The new index was also informative on the main climatic drivers of carbon sequestration. Considering future climatic scenarios, the carbon sequestration ability of P. sylvestris will be facilitated by rising temperatures in late winter-early spring and reduced by decreasing precipitation and rising temperatures during summer. Finally, we discussed the perspective and applicability of BAIden for further studies on carbon sequestration ability under climate change.
Fruit production and especially fresh tropical fruit trade, has an important relevance on world economy. Refining knowledge on virus diseases affecting tropical fruits is required to improve the understanding of these diseases, their dynamics and consequently, the ability to manage them. In this paper, samples of "uchuva" plants (Physalis peruviana L.) obtained from Centro Agropecuario Marengo (CAM) Municipality of Mosquera, Cundinamarca region of Colombia were analyzed after expressing symptoms of leaf chlorosis, leaf malformation, mosaic patterns and dwarfing. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of two different viral particles congruent with Potyvirus and Tobamovirus genus morphology. The presence of Potyvirus affecting the P. peruviana L. culture was confirmed in the samples analyzed by means of electronic microscopy images and serology. Similarly, the existence of viral particles with coherent characteristics of a putative Tobamovirus was observed. However, its presence could not be confirmed by means of serological tests. Nevertheless, its incidence should not be neglected. The mechanism of Potyvirus disease transmission in P. peruviana L. remains unknown, as well as the vectors associated with this disease. Therefore, complementary work and research should be considered. In addition to serology and electron microscopy, the use of indicator plants for diagnosis is suggested. Finally, a complete molecular characterization of the Potyvirus is recommended for a better understanding of the characteristics of its association with P. peruviana L.
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