This paper proposes a new HVDC grid test system for electromagnetic transient analysis, suitable for HVDC power system studies ranging from protection to dynamic studies investigating converter behaviour and interactions. In the recent past research interest in HVDC grids has increased, leading to a multitude of studies concerning dc power flow and optimal power flow, dynamics and HVDC grid protection. However, each of these studies makes use of different grid topologies, configurations and transmission line parameters. In this paper, a standard HVDC grid test system is proposed and an implementation in EMT-type software is provided. The implementation in EMT-type software makes use of a frequency dependent cable model, continuous converter model and a reduced dc breaker model. By means of a protection study, the effectiveness and computational efficiency of the proposed HVDC grid test system is demonstrated. The model with its parameters will be made publicly available.
This paper provides an overview and comparison of the possible grounding and configuration options for meshed HVDC grids. HVDC grids are expected to play a key role in the development of the future power system. Nevertheless, the type of grounding and the base configuration for the grid have not yet been determined. Various studies related to multiterminal HVDC or meshed HVDC grids often assume one specific configuration and grounding scheme and take it for granted. However, as there exist a large number of options, an overview is needed to balance pros and cons. In this paper, the influence of the different grounding options on fault behavior is investigated for point-to-point connections. Furthermore, the impact of the grounding type on the system fault behavior is investigated with electromagnetic transient simulations. Next, the suitability of a configuration to serve as base configuration in a meshed DC grid is investigated and compared in terms of extensibility and flexibility. In this evaluation, the grounding type, the number and location of grounding points in a grid are considered as well. Finally, an overview of the most important conclusions is given in a summarizing table.
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