A meta-analytic review was conducted to explain divergent findings on the relation between children's aggressive behavior and hostile attribution of intent to peers. Forty-one studies with 6,017 participants were included in the analysis. Ten studies concerned representative samples from the general population, 24 studies compared nonaggressive to extremely aggressive nonreferred samples, and 7 studies compared nonreferred samples with children referred for aggressive behavior problems. A robust significant association between hostile attribution of intent and aggressive behavior was found. Effect sizes differed considerably between studies. Larger effects were associated with more severe aggressive behavior, rejection by peers as one of the selection criteria, inclusion of 8-to-12-year-old participants, and absence of control for intelligence. Video and picture presentation of stimuli were associated with smaller effect sizes than was audio presentation. Staging of actual social interactions was associated with the largest effects. The importance of understanding moderators of effect size for theory development is stressed.

We studied emotional aspects of social information processing (SIP) The reformulated social information processing model (SIP;Dodge, 1986) is an important element in theoretical accounts of the development of aggressive behavior. The model proposes that behavioral responses to social situations depend on a sequence of information-processing steps. According to the model, information is encoded and interpreted. Interaction goals are then specified, triggering generation of responses to attain these goals. One of these responses is then selected and enacted. Numerous studies indicate that aggressive behavior by nonreferred children is related to atypical encoding, interaction goals, response generation, response selection,

In colorectal cancer, CT detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis is moderate and of individual peritoneal tumor deposits poor. Interobserver differences are statistically significant. Therefore, preoperative CT seems not to be a reliable tool for detection of presence, size, and location of peritoneal tumor implants in view of treatment planning in patients with colorectal cancer.

The present meta-analytic review aimed to clarify divergent findings concerning the relation between reactive and proactive aggression in children and adolescents. Fifty-one studies with 17,965 participants were included in the analysis. A significant correlation between reactive and proactive aggression was found. The strength of this relation varied considerably between studies, from −.10 to .89. Observational assessment and tilt/noise tasks were associated with smaller correlations than questionnaires. Within the large group of questionnaire studies, studies disentangling the form and function of aggression found lower correlations than studies that did not disentangle form and function. Among questionnaire studies, higher reliability was associated with larger correlations. Effect size did not depend on other study characteristics such as sample type, age, and informant type. It is concluded that reactive and proactive aggression are most clearly distinguished with behavioral observations and questionnaires that unravel form and functions of aggression.Keywords Meta-analysis . Reactive aggression . Proactive aggression . Aggressive behavior . Subtypes of aggressive behavior Many recent studies of children's aggressive behavior distinguish between reactive and proactive aggression. Dodge (1991) defined reactive aggression as a reaction to a presumed threat which is associated with anger, and proactive aggression as planned, instrumental and "cold-blooded" be-

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