The possibility of applying new high-strength steels with excellent forming behaviour (TRIP, TWIP and LIP steels) in automotive manufacturing is a significant potential for improvement in the area of reducing weight while simultaneously increasing crash safety. The present work investigates endogenous inclusions in some high-alloy TRIP and TWIP steels because the most stringent product requirements are tightly related to cleanness. The expected formation of inclusions is discussed based on thermodynamic observations made with ThermoCalc. The solidification conditions were varied in experiments with the so-called SSCT (submerged split chill tensile) apparatus. Furthermore, different treatment times were set in order to investigate this influence on the inclusions. A catalogue of endogenous inclusions in these new steel grades is currently being created with the help of the automated SEM/EDX inclusion analysis system at voestalpine Stahl GmbH in Unz. Further studies will follow to systematically determine the interactions between steel, slag and refractory materials.
Interpretation of the melt structure of iron-carbon and iron-nickel alloys by means of their viscous behaviour.Viscosity measurements according to the rotation method carried out on melts of pure iron, iron-carbon alloys with 0.16 to 4.30% C as well as oniron--"Ytickel alloys with 2 to35% Ni in thetemperature range from liquidusto1700"C. Informatl:ons on the flow behaviour, according to Newton, of thealloys examined. Indicaiior: of theactivation energies of viscous {low. Ecidence of different melt structures. Relationships between solid and liquid states of the alloys. L'interpretation de la structure de fusion des alliages fer-carbone et fer-nickel it I'aide de leur comportement it la viscosite. ill esures de la viscosite d'apres lamethode de rotation executees sur des alliages de fer pur, alliages fer-carbone avec 0,16 Ii 4,30% e ainsi quesur des alliages fer-nickel avec 2 Ii 35% Ni dans la gamme de temperatures deliquidus Ii 1700 0 e. Informations sur le comportement Ii l'ecoulement d'apres Newton des alliages examines. Indication des energies d'activation del'ecoulemeni visqueux. JI'ise en evidence des structures de fusion differentes. Rapports entre les litats solides et liquides des alliaqes. Archiv fur das Eisenhuttcnwesen Krieeer, Trenkler: Diulung del' Sehmelzsirukiuren von Fe-C-und Fe-Ni-Leqierunqen aus dcrn Viskosiliitsverhalten 42. J ahrgang
The steel industry is a major source of global CO 2 emission. Larger reductions of greenhouse gases are the challenge to develop new processes , like Hydrogen Plasma Smelting Reduction (HPSR). The present paper shows physical and chemical fundamentals for the reduction of iron oxides with hydrogen plasma. The behaviour of different hematite iron ores during melting and reduction with hydrogen plasma were investigated with thermog ravimetry and a laboratory plasma furnace. The path of iron oxides during smelting and reduction in the Fe-O phase diagram are described. Reduction tests in the laboratory furnace show the possibility to reduce hematite iron ores with hydrogen plasma in a short time with high utilization degrees without direct CO 2 emissions.
This paper investigates the characteristics of the methane plasma reduction of iron ore in comparison to that of the hydrogen plasma reduction process. Although hydrogen plasma smelting reduction (HPSR) has potential advantages as a steelmaking alternative in terms of simplicity (less operation units) and less harmful detrimental environmental implications, its high cost has a negative influence on its usage. In this regard, natural gas (» 96 % methane) could be adopted in the field of plasma smelting reduction. A brief comparison between hydrogen and methane options has been carried out experimentally. Heat and mass balance models were conducted to explore the features of up-scaled processes with respect to consumption figures and CO 2 emissions. It was found that the methane plasma is a good alternative iron oxide smelting process.
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