SECONDARY ANAEMIA BECOMING-PERNICIOUS. ' 1073 columns. 2 and 3, on the other hand, accurately represent the number of cases ,and deaths in the inoculated and uninoculated,. inasmuch as none of those inoculated in previous years contracted enteric fever. A further point adverted to by Colonel Fawcett is the circumstance that the only case which occurred among the inoculated was that of a patient admitted to hospital on the thirty-third day after inoculation. It would seem that the disease was in this case contracted before anything in the nature of protection had been established by the inoculation.
Method. The instrument used was the Haemadynamometer of Oliver. The maximum and mean arterial pressures, and the venous pressure, were recorded; the maximum pressure, as taken by the instrument, being the amount of pressure in mm. Hg. required to just prevent the passage of blood along the artery; the mean pressure being the reading taken when the indicator gives its maximum excursion; and the venous pressure being the amount of pressure requisite to just prevent the passage of blood along the vein. For arterial pressure the radial artery was employed; for venous pressure the veins of the forearm or back of the hand. The readings were taken in the same posture throughout each series of observations, with due precautions to eliminate the effects of gravity. Eleven subjects in all were experimented on, their ages ranging from 20 to 60; they included marked examples of both low and high arterial pressure.
Mode of observation.-The recent appearance of new instruments for the determination of blood-pressure in the human subject has enabled us to make the following series of observations on the effects of baths, massage, and exercise on the arterial and venous blood-pressure. The heamadynamometer of Oliver and the pulse-pressure manometer of Hill were carefully compared and found to read alike, but as the former instrument proved to be rather easier of manipulation and possesses a much wider scale it was used throughout.
THE following observations were made on the authors themselves, and extended over a period of 77 days. Their health was perfectly normal throughout, and, other conditions being constant, the results must therefore be regarded as purely physiological.Points examined. These consisted of the determination of the total daily excretion of urea and uric acid, the estimation of the haemoglobin and corpuscles, and the enumeration of the leucocytes.Methods adopted. For the determination of urea the hypobromite method was used, Gerrard's instrument being chosen. Uric acid was estimated by the Gowland Hopkins process. The amount of hawmoglobin was determined by means of Oliver's hbemoglobinometer, and the volume of the red corpuscles estimated by Oliver's opacity tube.At the outset, and for some time subsequently, parallel enumerations of the red corpuscles were made with the Thoma Zeiss counting chamber, but these were found to agree so accurately with the volumetric method (the variations never exceeding the physiological limits) that enumeration was discarded as unnecessary. The leucocytes were counted in the Thoma Zeiss chamber, the diluting fluid being acetic acid *2 0/0 with methyl violet, and the amount of dilution 1 to 200.The total urine of the 24 hours was collected daily for the estimation of urea and uric acid. The blood was examined once a day, the time chosen being imllmediately after rising in the morning, when the blood is at its most constant point, and before being disturbed by bath, exercise, or breakfast. For a certain period the blood was also
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