Galvanic corrosion is a metal dissolution process that occurs when two metals of different electrochemical potential are immersed in an electrolyte causing electrical currents between the metals through the conducting medium. To restore lost or damaged teeth, different alloys are used, leaving the mouth exposed to electrical currents that circulate through saliva and dental fluids. In the present work, the potentials and densities of corrosion currents of galvanic pairs of silver amalgams and copper base dental alloys were determined simultaneously using potenciodynamic methods, finding that the most resistant to corrosion are the pairs formed by silver amalgams of high copper and Cu -Zn alloys, and that the corrosion products released in greater quantity in the electrolytic medium are formed by Hg, Cu, Zn and Ni ions.
In the restoration of lost or damaged dental pieces, different alloys are frequently used, leaving the mouth exposed to electrical currents that circulate through saliva and dental fluids. In the present work, electrochemical methods are used to determine the corrosion rate of galvanic pairs of a high copper silver amalgam with Co-Cr dental alloys in artificial saliva. It is observed that when the difference in corrosion potentials of dissimilar alloys are small (less than 100 mVecs), Evans diagrams do not give good results, so the Mansfeld correction formulas must be used. Thus, it is found that the most resistant to corrosion is the pair formed between the amalgam and the bulk Co-Cr alloy (PG1,3) and that the corrosion products released in greater quantity to the electrolyte are those that contain ions of Co, Cr, Ag, Sr and Cu.
In this work, the open-circuit corrosion potentials of the alloys studied in aerated artificial saliva were determined; in the same solution, the potentiodynamic polarization curves of said alloys have been drawn. The corrosion potentials and current intensities of the galvanic coupling of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy with the Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloys were determined using the Evans method, finding that the galvanic couples more resistant to corrosion in the electrolytic medium considered are those formed between the Ti alloy and the Co-Cr alloys; the least resistant are those formed between Ti alloy and Ni-Cr alloys. The corroded surfaces of the seven alloys considered in this work were also studied, and by EDAX the corrosion products due to the ions detached in the electrolytic medium were analyzed.
Dental alloys in the oral cavity release ions by corrosive action of saliva, which are deposited in the lower part of the mouth, others diffuse through the gums and most of them pass to the gastrointestinal system. In the present work, nine dental alloys frequently used in our country by people with low resources (316L stainless steel, low and high copper silver amalgams, Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloys, Cu and Ti-6Al-4V base alloys). Its open circuit corrosion potential was measured, its potentiodynamic polarization curves were plotted and corrosion products were analyzed by EDAX, finding Hg, Ag, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn and Si ions, which can affect the health of users, so it is recommended that dentists and dental technicians inform patients who suffer from hypersensitivity do not use alloys containing potentially allergic metals.
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