Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel and pulp are a source of dietary fiber (DF) and phenolic compounds (PCs) that constituent part of the indigestible fraction (IF). This fraction reaches the colon and acts as a carbon and energy source for intestinal microbiota. The effect of mango IF on intestinal microbiota during colonic fermentation is unknown. In this study, the isolated IF of a novel 'Ataulfo' mango-based bar (snack) UV-C irradiated and non-irradiated (UVMangoB and MangoB) were fermented. Colonic fermentation occurred in vitro under chemical-enzymatic, semi-anaerobic, batch culture and controlled pH colonic conditions. Changes in the structure of fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16s rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The community´s functional capabilities were determined in silico. The MangoB and UVMangoB increased the presence of Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Eubacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Holdemanella, Catenibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Buttiauxella, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Prevotella and Bacteroides genera. The alpha indexes showed a decrease in microbial diversity after 6 h of colonic fermentation. The coordinates analysis indicated any differences between irradiated and non-irradiated bar. The metabolic prediction demonstrated that MangoB and UVMangoB increase the microbiota carbohydrate metabolism pathway. This study suggests that IF of mango-based bar induced beneficial changes on microbial ecology and metabolic pathway that could be promissory to prevention or treatment of metabolic dysbiosis. However, in vivo interventions are necessary to confirm the interactions between microbiota modulating and intestinal beneficial effects.
Background: El Chichón volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in Mexico. Previous studies have described the poly-extreme conditions of the lake crater but its bacterial composition and the functional features of the complete microbiome have not been characterized yet.Methods: This study integrated two approaches to explain the microbiology diversity and abundance, one focused on the environmental genomic potential by metagenomics approach, and other culturomics of enrichment of bacteria and archaea. The microbial diversity of the anaerobic consortia cultivated in was carried out by metabarcoding analysis, the metabolic capacity by metabolomics uxes of carbon and enzymologic techniques for the analysis of sulfate reduction in laboratory-grown prokaryotic cells.Results: This work provides new information on the taxonomic and functional diversity of the Archea representative phyla Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota as well as the phyla Thermotogales and Aqui cae for Bacteria. Through the analysis of microbial consortia cultivation and the genetic information collected from the natural environment sampling, metabolic interactions were identi ed between the microorganisms that support the life of the microbiome under multi-extreme conditions. A close relationship is proposed between the cycles of carbon and sulfur in an active volcano.Conclusions: This research contributes to the understanding of microbial metabolism under extreme conditions and potential knowledge of "microbial dark matter" that can be applied in biotechnological processes and evolutionary studies.
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