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Abstract. Maryanto SD, Wibowo WA, Daryono BS. 2021. Phenotypic characters and identification CYPs (Cyclophilin) gene in Cucumis melo L. cv. Gama Melon Parfum. Biodiversitas 22: 3007-3014. Cucumis melo L. cv. Gama Melon Parfum is a new cultivar with a very strong fragrance as its main character. As a new cultivar with unique characters, it is necessary to characterize phenotype and molecular related to the fragrant aroma. The research aimed to study the phenotypic of the fruit of C. melo cv. Gama Melon Parfum (F3) and to identify the CYPs gene as one of the genes that act in encoding volatile compounds. Analysis of qualitative characters was based on International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) and Plant Variety Protection (PVP), phenotypic characters in melons observed by abiding the Rules for Registration of Varieties from the Indonesian Minister of Agriculture Decree No. 700/Kpts/OT.320/D/12/2011, while analysis of quantitative characters was using the ANOVA methods and software PKBT-STAT-2. The methods of molecular characterization included RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis used Reverse Transcriptase-PCR, amplification of DNA target used PCR, visualization of DNA target used electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing. Analysis of the in silico approach was carried out on the CuGenDB Melon database. Analysis of protein sequences and classification was obtained from InterPro. Phylogeny analysis using MEGA-X Software. The results were 18 qualitative characters and 11 quantitative characters were stable and uniform, whereas the molecular characterization of the genes was predicted Cyclophilin with peptidylprolyl isomerase (PPIase) activity and located in chromosome 1 (17059021-17058899).

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Abstract. Yusuf AF, Wibowo WA, Daryono BS. 2022. Genetic stability of melon (Cucumis melo L. cv. Meloni) based on inter-simple sequence repeat and phenotypic characteristics. Biodiversitas 23: 3042-3049.A new cultivar must have a character that follows the official criteria of distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) as required for the grant of Plant Breeder Rights and official cultivar registration. Meloni is a new cultivar resulting from plant breeding by the Genetics and Breeding Laboratory of the Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Legality is needed in the form of plant variety protection (PVT)to protect the intellectual rights of researchers. Therefore, this study aims to identify morphological characters according to official criteria and validate molecular feelings by using molecular markers Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat. The results of morphological characterization showed that the distinctive character of the Meloni cultivar lies in the oval shape of the fruit, the skin of the fruit is creamy with a smooth texture without the net, and the flesh of the fruit is orange with a sweet taste. The differences in morphological characters of the Meloni cultivar cultivated at two locations differ in fruit weight, flesh thickness, fruit shelf life, and harvest age. Molecular identification resulted in a low similarity in the phenetic relationship, namely 35% against Sonya cultivars and 51% against Kirani and Kinanti cultivars. The Meloni cultivar's stability and uniformity analysis between the two locations (Bandung, West Java, and Sleman, Yogyakarta) yielded 76%. The difference in cultivation locations did not affect the level of stability and genetic uniformity of the Meloni cultivar.

Abstract. Wibowo WA, Fatkhurohman MI, Daryono BS. 2020. Characterization and expression of Cm-AAT1 gene encoding alcohol acyl-transferase in melon fruit (Cucumis melo L.) ‘Hikapel’. Biodiversitas 21: 3041-3046. Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is one of the horticulture commodities that have high economic value and its needs increase continuously. Many new melon cultivars have been assembled to produce a higher quality melon. Melon 'Hikapel' developed by the Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Biology UGM has distinctive character in the form of a strong aroma. This aroma is a complex mixture of various kinds of volatile compound. One of the main determinant compounds is a volatile ester, synthesized by the alcohol acyl-transferase enzyme encoded by the Cm-AAT1 gene. Characterization of Cm-AAT1 began with isolation of melon rinds to get total RNAs. Synthesis cDNA was conducted with oligo-dT primer, followed by detection of Cm-AAT1 using specific primers. A specific band was sequenced to perform phylogenetic tree. Gene expression from 4 melon cultivars, ‘Hikapel’, ‘Hikadi’, ‘Sun Lady’, and ‘Luna’ analysis was performed using relative quantitative Real-Time PCR. The results of this study showed that Cm-AAT1 owned not only by aromatic cultivars ‘Hikapel’ and ‘Hikadi’, but also owned by non-aromatic cultivars ‘Sun Lady’ and ‘Luna’. Phylogenetic analysis shows a high similarity between Cm-AAT1 on 'Hikapel' and 'Hikadi'. Gene expression analysis on 'Hikapel' increases as the process of fruit ripening during the storage period and it is in contrast to 'Hikadi' at decrease when the fruit began to enter the decay process on day 7th. Expression of Cm-AAT1 on ‘Hikapel’ was higher than ‘Hikadi’ at the peak of fruit maturity.

The 'Gama Melon Parfum' (GMP) melons is a variety of plant breeding resulting from the Faculty of Biology's genetics and breeding laboratory, Universitas Gadjah Mada. GMP melons have a unique phenotypic character of a bitter taste and a strong aroma that has the potential to be used for cosmetics and medicine. Stability and genetic variation test are necessary to ensure the quality control of 'GMP' melons for industrial raw materials. The content of carotenoids is also important to reveal in utilizing metabolites compounds. Phenotypic character analysis was performed by comparing fruit grown conventionally and hydroponically grown on 'GMP' melons. The molecular observation method is genetic variation using the PCR-ISSR method with 5 primer ISSR and comparison with other varieties, namely 'Hikapel', 'Sky Rocket', and 'PI371795'. The data analysis used the UPGMA method, and genetic similarity was estimated using Jaccard Coefficient with MVSP 3.1 program. The method for observing β-carotene content is the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The results obtained showed that hydroponically grown 'GMP' melons had a relatively smaller size and faded fruit color. However, phenetically, 'GMP' melons grown both hydroponically and conventionally are in one cluster with a similarity level of 80.9%. Genetic analysis on 'GMP' melons and comparison melons showed a high level of polymorphism of 58.97%. While the results of β-carotene analysis on 'GMP' melons were 140,829 g/100 gr. It can be concluded that GMP melon has a stable genetic character. Cultivation methods and environmental factors cause changes that occur in GMP melons.

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) is a horticultural plant that belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family with high public demand, however, local markets sometimes have limited supply. The existence of watermelon varieties that are not pest-resistant causes its production to be erratic. Therefore, plant breeding efforts are required to produce superior varieties through the stability test of plant characters. For watermelon to be certified as a new variety, it needs to possess a stable and adaptive character to various conditions. The F1 watermelon from crossing ♀ ‘Putri Delima’ with ♂ ‘Maduri’ produces inole-shaped fruit, red flesh, and a sweet taste. Therefore, this study aims to determine the stability of the phenotypic character of watermelon F2 from crossing ♀ ‘Maduri’ with cultivar ♂ ‘Putri Delima’ and was conducted in Jamusan, Bokoharjo, Prambanan, Sleman, D.I.Yogyakarta fields from August to December. There are five samples of ripe watermelons that were selected randomly while their phenotypic characters were observed qualitatively and quantitatively. Each F2 watermelon character was compared to F1, and the quantitative analysis was conducted using one-factor ANOVA with a confidence level of 5%. The results of quantitative character analysis between F2 and F1 showed a P (P-value)> 0.05. Meanwhile, the results of qualitative observations of F2 watermelon showed different flesh and skin color, while the harvest time from F1 was caused by the segregation of heterozygous crosses. Therefore, it is necessary to select superior phenotypic characters as desired for the next breeding.