The oral cavity is habitat to a wide variety of commensal flora, which may act as a reservoir of factors that influence drug resistance. Bacteria in the oral cavity create biofilms, which makes it easier for horizontal gene transfer to result in the accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage rates in the oral cavity are high, according to recent studies. The widespread use of antibiotic prophylaxis among at-risk dental procedure applicants may facilitate MRSA establishment in the mouth. These modifications in the epidemiology of MRSA have significant ramifications for clinical practice, methodological approaches to MRSA carriage studies, and MRSA prevention efforts.
Nosocomial infections, also called health-care-associated or hospital-acquired infections, are a subset of infectious diseases acquired in a health-care facility. Historically, Staphylococci, Pseudomonas, and Escherichia coli have been the common known as nosocomial infection bacteria. Moreover, nosocomial pneumonia, surgical wound infections, and vascular access-related bacteremia have caused the most illness and death in hospitalized patients; and intensive care units have been the epicenters of antibiotic resistance.
Acquired antimicrobial resistance is the major problem, and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is the pathogen of greatest concern. The shift to outpatient care is leaving the most vulnerable patients in hospitals. Aging of our population and increasingly aggressive medical and surgical interventions, including implanted foreign bodies, organ transplantations, and xenotransplantation, create a cohort of particularly susceptible persons. Moreover, renovation of aging hospitals increases risk of airborne fungal and other infections.
To prevent and control these emerging nosocomial infections, we need to increase national surveillance, "risk adjust" infection rates so that inter hospital comparisons are valid, develop more noninvasive infection-resistant devices, and work with health-care workers on better implementation of existing control measures such as hand washing.
In this review we aimed to review the previous projects which study incidence of hospital infection among delivery women with caesarean section in hospitals. Also, to discuss about the nosocomial infections and its types. We will also review the most common way a nosocomial infection is acquired, and the most common cause of nosocomial infection. In order to the modes of transmission of infection. In addition to a way to prevent nosocomial infections in hospitals.
Objective: The present study aims to compare between Praziqantele and flagyl drug in treatment Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia.
Methodology: a treatment study was carried out in health center in Al-Fuhood area, The present study used praziquantel and flagyl drug for treatment of (64) persons attending to health center in Al-Fuhood area and with a medical supervisor some of them are infected with Entamoeba histolytica and some them infected with Giardia lamblia, the average age for them was between (53-1) years and of both six (35 male, 29 female). Showed that infection level was between mid and severe cases.
Results: A high cure rate was recorded in the out patients treated with Praziquantel (87.5%) and with Metronidazole (flagyl) (81.25%).
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