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Objective Neurons cluster into sub-millimeter spatial structures and neural activity occurs at millisecond resolutions; hence, ultimately, high spatial and high temporal resolutions are required for functional MRI. In this work, we implemented a spin-echo line-scanning (SELINE) sequence to use in high spatial and temporal resolution fMRI. Materials and methods A line is formed by simply rotating the spin-echo refocusing gradient to a plane perpendicular to the excited slice and by removing the phase-encoding gradient. This technique promises a combination of high spatial and temporal resolution (250 μm, 500 ms) and microvascular specificity of functional responses. We compared SELINE data to a corresponding gradient-echo version (GELINE). Results We demonstrate that SELINE showed much-improved line selection (i.e. a sharper line profile) compared to GELINE, albeit at the cost of a significant drop in functional sensitivity. Discussion This low functional sensitivity needs to be addressed before SELINE can be applied for neuroscientific purposes.

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The authors regret that in the original version of Fig. 10 C, the Gad1&2, mCherry, and Pax5 smRNA-FISH data of the SN neuron had been accidentally copied from the bottom left row into the bottom right row. The corrected Fig. 10 C is shown here. The contours of the VTA neuron in the bottom right row remain unchanged, and the corrections do not alter the conclusions at the end of the Results section: "smRNA FISH analysis revealed concomitant expression of mCherry and Gad1, Gad2 mRNA in the VTA and SN in cells with and without active Pax5 expression (Fig. 10 C), demonstrating that GABAergic neurons in these regions without active Pax5 expression also originate from Pax5-expressing progenitor cells." The errors appear in print and in PDFs downloaded before December 1, 2022.