Background: Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) is one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in children. This infection may happen in either the upper or lower respiratory tracts. It may also happen recurrently in some children according to the risk factors they have. This study aimed to understand the correlation between risk factors and recurrent upper respiratory tract infection in children aged 3-60 months at primary healthcare centers (Puskesmas) in Gresik.Methods: This study used an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. The amount of sample used was 110 patients with upper respiratory infection from October 2019-April 2020 at Puskesmas Industri and Puskesmas Alun-Alun, Gresik. Data analysis was performed using chi-square test and logistic regression. The data were taken from medical records as well as questionnaires.Results: The result of bivariate analysis showed that asthma (p = 0.000), exposure to cigarette smoke (p = 0.045), healthy home status (p = 0.002), and the occupancy of the house (p = 0.019) had correlations with the occurrence of recurrent upper respiratory infection. Meanwhile, the multivariate analysis presented some variables which had significant correlation with recurrent upper respiratory tract infection such as asthma (p= 0.000), exposure to cigarette smoke (p = 0.012), and healthy home status (p = 0.001).Conclusion: There was a strong relationship between asthma, exposure to cigarette smoke, and healthy home status with the occurrence of recurrent upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in children.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension prevalence which increased in the last two decades in Indonesia depleted national expenditure. The government responded through many programs in educating the community and improving the primary health center (PHC). The engagement of patients and doctor’s role in PHC was very important in managing the disease. Patient’s lifestyles, comorbid, and the role of PHC, such as in early detection, examination, drug administration, and education, as well as screening for the complication, needs to be evaluated. AIMS: This study aimed to analyze the profile and lifestyle of hypertensive patients and health services in PHC as one of the catastrophic diseases in Indonesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS : This was a cross-sectional study design with total sampling. The study was held in one of the PHC in Surabaya from May 2018 until August 2018. The s ample size was 104. Data were collected using questionnaires, physical, and laboratory examinations as well as secondary data from the medical record. The statistical analysis was performed at a significance p < 0.005 using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: The majority were women with age >60 years and two-thirds of all hypertensive cases had uncontrolled blood pressure (69.2%). Laboratory results showed abnormalities: Dyslipidemia (50.5%), high fasting blood sugar (38.6%), and high uric acid (10.1%). Nearly one-third of patients (27.9%) already had abnormalities in the electrocardiography (ECG) since the procedure been done rarely. Contrarily, most of them committed to a healthy diet and taking the medication regularly in line with doctor’s education when they visit PHC. Regarding exercise, most of them stated not to do it regularly. CONCLUSION: The majority of the hypertensive patients had uncontrolled blood pressure and unhealthy lifestyle worsening the disease.

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of mung bean sprout extracts on Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogen hormone in female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to monosodium glutamate (MSG).Materials and Methods: This true experimental study was conducted by using post-test only control group design in the laboratory for animal experimentation of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Airlangga University in which Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 2 months weighing 150-200 grams were used in this experiment. The samples comprised of 5 rats distributed in each group, totaling 7 groups. I Control Group (P1) was provided with Aquades for 37 days; II (P2) was provided with Aquades for 7 days + MSG 0.03 mg/g of weight on day 8-37; III (P3) was provided with extract of mung bean sprouts 72mg/200g of weight on day 1-37 + MSG 0,03mg/g of weight; IV (P4) was provided with extract of mung bean sprouts 144mg/200g of weight on day 1-37 + MSG 0.03mg/g of weight; V (P5) was provided with Aquades for 7 days + MSG 0.7 mg/g of weight on day 8-37; VI (P6) was provided with extract of mung bean sprouts 72mg/200g of weight on day 1-37 + MSG 0.7mg/g of weight; VII (P7) was provided with extract of mung bean sprouts 144mg/200g of weight on day 1-37 + MSG 0.7mg/g of weight.Serum samples were taken for Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Estrogen with ELISA method. Data analysis to test the differences between groups was done by using one way Anova statistical test.Results: MSG dosage 0,03mg/gBB or 0,7mg/g BB was significant difference in FSH (p = 0,011) and estrogen (p = 0,008).Conclusion: obtained from this research that giving green bean sprout extract influence to the level of FSH and estrogen hormone.

Introduction: Birth weight is often used to evaluate a newborn baby’s health. Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality. Mothers under the age of 20 (early pregnancy) are at a greater risk of affecting the weight and nutritional status of the unborn child. This research aimed to determine the relationship between early pregnancy and LBW. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of women and newborns at Airlangga University academic hospital from January through December of 2017. Data on characteristics such as maternal age and LBW were collected. The correlation between early pregnancy and infant weight was determined using the Chi-square test, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: We conducted research on 210 pairs of mothers and their infants. 64 (30.48%) of the pregnancies occurred in women under the age of 20; 61 (29.55%) were born LBW (weighing less than 2,500 grams). Early age pregnancy was linked to a higher proportion of LBW infants (p=0.001). Research indicated that the risk of LBW was more significant in the early groups of pregnancy.Conclusion: This research establishes a relationship between early age pregnancy and LBW. The findings may aid in identifying vulnerable mothers in need of further assistance and personalized treatments.