Ag ri cu lt ura l Eng in eer i ng w w w . w i r . p t i r . o r g This study analyses the results of research on the improvement of grain quality using a filling core in a grain silo. The research is a part of the research project aimed at developing an innovative system for drying and storing maize grain that, among other benefits, reduces grain damage. Two series were carried out: a control series, in which a chute was applied as the main element, and an operation series, in which a cascade chute was used for testing. The analysis conducted on the simulated operating conditions showed a 4-5-fold reduction in the amount of grain damaged following the application of the filling core compared with the control series. It has also been shown that a 6-meter cascade chute considerably decreases the velocity of the falling grain when loading the silo.
The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the unit gas emission value in the exhaust of a dual fuel diesel engine. The results of the effects of a diesel engine’s applications in biogas plants and the method for calculating mass gas emissions per unit of produced electricity are shown. The test was performed using a two-cylinder, naturally aspirated, liquid-cooled diesel engine. The diesel engine powered a generator connected to the grid. The engine was fed with liquid fuels—waste cooking oil methyl ester (UCOME) and diesel fuel (DF)—and with a gas fuel, biogas (BG). The engine ran at a constant rotational speed (2000 rpm ± 30 rpm) with variable load. The gas analyzer measured the amount of CO, NO, NO2, and PM (particulate matter) in exhaust gas. This gas content share was then converted to mass per engine generated energy unit. This experiment showed the effect of BG introduced to the intake manifold on fuel combustion, as well as an increase in CO and NO2 emission and decrease in NO and PM. In terms of dependence of exhaust emissions on the type of liquid fuel used, the use of UCOME as opposed to diesel fuel resulted in PM reduction and increase of NO emissions.
The purpose of the tests described in this publication was to examine the effect of the temperature of the biodiesel burned, resulting from the transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol, on the level of nitrogen oxides emissions. The tests were carried out on a test stand equipped with a 9.5 kW engine. Electricity was transffered directly to the power grid. The measurements were started after the engine has warmed up, when the oil temperature exceeded 85°C. In the first stage, the engine was loaded with the maximum achievable torque (100%), in the second stage the torque was set at 75% of the maximum value, and for measurements in the third stage the torque was 50% of the maximum value. Three tests were carried out, one for each of the three fuel temperatures: 20, 40 and 55°C.
The negative effect of liquid and gaseous fuel combustion is toxic gases (i.e., carbon and nitrogen oxides NOx) and particulate matter (PM) formation. The content of harmful and toxic components of exhaust gases is strongly dependent on the quality and type of burnt fuel. Experimental research is required to verify the use of current technical and technological solutions for the production of electricity on farms, using various types of conventional fuels and biofuels. The aim of the current research was to comprehensively verify the use of commonly available fuels and biofuels without adapting the internal combustion engine. Gaseous fuels—propane-butane mixture (LPG), compressed natural gas (CNG) and biogas (BG)—were added to liquid fuels—methyl esters of higher fatty acids (RME) and diesel fuel (DF)—in six different power configurations to evaluate the effect on the emission of toxic gases: carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitric dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM), and the efficiency of fuel conversion. The use of RME in various configurations with gaseous fuels increased the emission of oxides and reduced the emission of PM. Increasing the share of LPG and CNG significantly increased the level of NO emissions. The use of gaseous fuels reduced the efficiency of the generator, particularly in the case of co-firing with DF. For medium and high loads, the lowest decrease in efficiency was recorded for the RME configuration with BG. Taking into account the compromise between individual emissions and the configuration of RME with BG, the most advantageous approach is to use it in power generators.
Combustion of diesel oil and liquid biofuels in self-ignition engines is related to the emission of harmful gases to the atmosphere (i.e. nitrogen, carbon or sulfur oxides). These compounds, emitted in significant quantities, pose a threat to human life and health, as well as to the natural environment. The goal of our research was to investigate the influence of temperature of the waste cooking oil methyl ester on the nitrogen oxides emission in the self-ignition engine. This is to help determine if the use of biofuel thermal activation can be used to reduce nitrogen oxides emissions. Experiments carried out on the test bench in relation to harmful nitrogen compounds (NOx). The emission of exhaust gases from a diesel engine fed with methyl esters of the cooking oil was measured. The measurements were made in accordance with ISO 8178-4. From the obtained test results it can be concluded that it is worth equipping the engine with installation for preheating the fuel before its injection, but the optimal value of fuel temperature reducing emissions is at least 70°C.
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