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Immunization with an acellular pertussis vaccine is safe for preterm infants. The immune response is significantly lower compared with a control group of term infants, but efficacy is high.

Twins of less than 37 weeks' gestational age were significantly more often affected by high-grade intraventricular hemorrhage irrespective of birth order. Periventricular leukomalacia occurred twice as often as in singletons. There were no differences with respect to mortality and further morbidity except for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm twins of less than 32 weeks' gestational age.

We describe a preterm infant (31 weeks' gestation) with unilateral pulmonary emphysema. Bronchoscopy showed no bronchial obstruction. After 20 days of right-sided high-frequency oscillating ventilation, the emphysema in the left lung had completely resolved and the patient could be extubated.

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