ORCID IDs: 0000-0003-4795-7929 (D.E.); 0000-0001-6325-9165 (G.L.).The genome of rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae) encodes 15 glycoside hydrolase 18 family chitinases. In this study, we characterized the function of an M. oryzae extracellular chitinase, MoChi1, and its interaction with a host protein, OsMBL1, a jacalin-related Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL) in rice (Oryza sativa). Deletion of MoChi1 resulted in reduced aerial hyphal formation and reduced virulence in rice by activating the expression of defense-responsive genes. We confirmed MoChi1 interaction with rice OsMBL1 in vitro and in vivo. OsMBL1 was induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and M. oryzae infection. Overexpression of OsMBL1 led to activation of rice defense-responsive genes and a chitin-induced reactive oxygen species burst, thereby enhancing resistance to M. oryzae. Knockdown of OsMBL1 enhances susceptibility of rice plants to M. oryzae. Furthermore, MoChi1 suppressed chitin-induced reactive oxygen species in rice cells and competed with OsMBL1 for chitin binding. Taken together, our study reveals a mechanism in which MoChi1 targets a host lectin to suppress rice immunity. cells of wild-type strain Ku80. Hygromycin B-resistant colonies were picked up and replacement verified by PCR amplifications.The complementation of MoChi1 was performed by constructing a 1-kb upstream fragment of the native promoter and MoChi1 ORF region into the pKNTG vector and then transformed into protoplast cells of the MoChi1 deletion strain. The neomycin-resistant transformants were screened and verified by PCR amplifications.
BCL2L12, a newly identified member of Bcl-2 family, contains a BH2 domain and a putative BH3 domain. It was found to be highly expressed in normal breast tissues, and was associated with favorable prognosis in breast cancer patients. Here, we reported that the mRNA levels of BCL2L12 and its transcript variant BCL2L12A could be upregulated upon cisplatin treatment in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Knockdown of BCL2L12 and BCL2L12A dramatically inhibited cisplatin-induced apoptosis. In contrast, ectopic expressions of each of the proteins promoted cisplatin-induced apoptosis. These results indicated that decreased expressions or loss of BCL2L12 and BCL2L12A may contribute to the cisplatin resistance in breast cancer patients. Furthermore, we found that cisplatin-induced downregulation of beta-catenin was partially suppressed in BCL2L12- and BCL2L12A-knocked down MDA-MB-231 cells, which indicated that knockdown of these two proteins may stabilize beta-catenin in cisplatin-induced apoptosis. In short, we proposed that BCL2L12 and BCL2L12A may play an important role in cisplatin-induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
a b s t r a c t BCL2L12 has been found to be associated with favorable prognosis in breast cancer patients while correlated with tumorigenesis of glioblastoma and colon cancer. Here, we report that BCL2L12 and its transcript variant BCL2L12A are degraded through ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Interestingly, the ubiquitinations and degradations of BCL2L12 and BCL2L12A are independent of the internal lysine residues but the first N-terminal residues. In addition, HSP70 was identified to interact with BCL2L12 and BCL2L12A and protected them from ubiquitinations and degradations in mammalian cells. In summary, HSP70 protects BCL2L12 and BCL2L12A from N-terminal ubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation. Structured summary:MINT-7026352, MINT-7026366: BCL2L12 (uniprotkb:Q9HB09-1) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Hsp70 (uniprotkb:P62988) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007) MINT-7026290: BCL2L12 (uniprotkb:Q9HB09-1) physically interacts (MI:0218) with ubiquitin (uniprotkb:P62988) by pull down (MI:0096) MINT-7026326: Hsp70 (uniprotkb:P08107) physically interacts (MI:0218) with BCL2L12A (uniprotkb:Q9HB09-2) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006) MINT-7026338: BCL2L12 (uniprotkb:Q9HB09-1) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Hsp70 (uniprotkb:P08107) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007) MINT-7026304: BCL2L12A (uniprotkb:Q9HB09-2) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Hsp70 (uniprotkb:P08107) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
BCL2L12, a newly identified member of Bcl-2 family, and its transcript variant BCL2L12A have been found to be associated with favorable prognosis in breast cancer patients while correlated with tumorigenesis of glioblastoma and colon cancer. However, the biological functions of BCL2L12 and especially those of BCL2L12A are largely unknown. Here, we report that, unlike other Bcl-2 family proteins, BCL2L12 and its transcript variant BCL2L12A are nuclear proteins. Interestingly, BCL2L12 forms speckle patterns in the nuclei and potently induces apoptosis in CHO cells. BCL2L12A had a diffuse distribution in the nuclei and inhibits cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrested at G2/M transition in CHO cells. More importantly, BCL2L12A-induced G2/M arrest was associated with a slight up-regulation of cyclin B1 and significant down-regulation of an active form of cyclin B1 phosphorylated at Ser147. Taken together, our study suggests that both BCL2L12 and BCL2L12A have negative effects on CHO cell growths, and that BCL2L12A is a potential cell cycle regulator that interferes with G2-M transition.
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